| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Introduction to emerging alternative leathers |
| 1.2. | Incumbent leather technologies |
| 1.3. | Leather terminology |
| 1.4. | Key drivers for emerging alternative leathers |
| 1.5. | Types of sustainable alternative leathers |
| 1.6. | Mycelium leather - product description and commercial analysis |
| 1.7. | Plant-based leather - product description and commercial analysis |
| 1.8. | Microbial leather - Product description and commercial analysis |
| 1.9. | Lab grown leather - Product description and commercial analysis |
| 1.10. | SWOT analysis of emerging alternative leathers |
| 1.11. | Major application areas for emerging alternative leathers |
| 1.12. | Go-to-market strategy for emerging alternative leathers |
| 1.13. | Leather size requirements by application area |
| 1.14. | Restraints for sustainable alternative leathers |
| 1.15. | Investment landscape for emerging alternative leathers |
| 1.16. | Recent developments in the emerging alternative leather market |
| 1.17. | IDTechEx benchmarking of emerging alternative leathers |
| 1.18. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast |
| 1.19. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast |
| 1.20. | Trends for emerging alternative leather |
| 1.21. | Key findings on emerging alternative leather |
| 1.22. | Company profiles |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION - MARKET DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES |
| 2.1. | Acronyms |
| 2.2. | Introduction to emerging alternative leathers |
| 2.3. | Incumbent leather technologies |
| 2.4. | Leather terminology |
| 2.5. | Key drivers for emerging alternative leathers |
| 2.6. | Market driver: The environmental impact of leather production |
| 2.7. | Market driver: The environmental impact of rearing livestock |
| 2.8. | Market driver: Consumer concerns |
| 2.9. | Market driver: Problems with plastic leather |
| 2.10. | Market driver: Regulatory drivers for alternative leather |
| 2.11. | Market driver: Brand actions driving change |
| 2.12. | Restraints for sustainable alternative leathers |
| 3. | ANIMAL LEATHER - PRODUCTION AND TRENDS |
| 3.1. | Animal leather overview |
| 3.2. | Animal leather overview |
| 3.3. | Animal leather - manufacturing processes |
| 3.4. | Animal leather manufacturing process flowchart |
| 3.5. | Leather cuts and coatings overview |
| 3.6. | Leather coatings overview |
| 3.7. | Leather cuts and applications |
| 3.8. | Leather tanning overview |
| 3.9. | Leather requirements for fashion accessories |
| 3.10. | Evolving tanning requirements |
| 3.11. | Disposal of animal leather |
| 3.12. | Global leather production by animal source |
| 4. | PLASTIC LEATHER - PRODUCTION AND TRENDS |
| 4.1. | Plastic leather overview |
| 4.2. | Sustainability trends in plastic leather |
| 4.3. | Plastic leather overview - continued |
| 4.4. | Plastic leather - manufacturing processes |
| 4.5. | Plastic leather - wet vs dry production methods |
| 4.6. | Global plastic leather production |
| 5. | LEATHER RECYCLING |
| 5.1. | Leather recycling overview |
| 5.2. | Life cycle of leather and recycling |
| 5.3. | Leather recycling processes - bonded leather production |
| 5.4. | Leather recycling processes - hydroentanglement method |
| 5.5. | State of technology development for recycled leathers |
| 5.6. | Recycled leather: SWOT analysis |
| 6. | SUSTAINABLE LEATHER ALTERNATIVES |
| 6.1.1. | Types of sustainable alternative leathers |
| 6.1.2. | Comparison of sustainable alternative leathers - production processes |
| 6.2. | Mycelium Leather |
| 6.2.1. | Mycelium leather overview |
| 6.2.2. | Mycelium leather - production process |
| 6.2.3. | Inoculation of the mycelium |
| 6.2.4. | Growing mycelium - conditions |
| 6.2.5. | Processing mycelium into leather |
| 6.2.6. | Tanning and dyeing of mycelium leather |
| 6.2.7. | Ecovative Design - Forager Hides |
| 6.2.8. | State of technology development and market for mycelium leather |
| 6.2.9. | Mycelium leather: SWOT analysis |
| 6.2.10. | State of technology development for mycelium leather |
| 6.3. | Plant-based Leather |
| 6.3.1. | Plant-based leather overview |
| 6.3.2. | Plant-based leather - production processes |
| 6.3.3. | Plant-based leather - textile-based production process |
| 6.3.4. | Plant-based leather - bio-composite production process |
| 6.3.5. | Plant-based leather: Sourcing feedstock |
| 6.3.6. | Processing of plant fibers for leather |
| 6.3.7. | Textile backings made from plant-based materials |
| 6.3.8. | Plant-based leather: SWOT analysis |
| 6.3.9. | Plant-based leather - company landscape |
| 6.3.10. | State of technology development for plant-based leather |
| 6.4. | Microbial Leather |
| 6.4.1. | Microbial leather overview |
| 6.4.2. | Microbial leather - production process |
| 6.4.3. | Microbial leather - fermentation conditions |
| 6.4.4. | Microbial leather - harvest and finishing |
| 6.4.5. | Microbial leather: SWOT analysis |
| 6.4.6. | State of technology development for microbial leather |
| 6.5. | Lab Grown Leather |
| 6.5.1. | Lab grown leather overview |
| 6.5.2. | Lab grown leather - production process |
| 6.5.3. | Lab grown leather: Cell biopsy and culture |
| 6.5.4. | Corium Biotech |
| 6.5.5. | VitroLabs Inc |
| 6.5.6. | Lab grown leather: SWOT analysis |
| 6.5.7. | State of technology development for lab grown leather |
| 6.6. | Other technologies |
| 6.6.1. | Protein-based leather |
| 6.6.2. | Mycelium powder-based leather |
| 6.6.3. | Sustainable coatings and dyes for leather |
| 6.6.4. | Plant-based coatings for leather - Von Holzhausen |
| 7. | MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHERS |
| 7.1. | Definitions of material properties relevant to leather |
| 7.2. | Selected performance standards for leather by application area - ISO, ASTM, AATCC |
| 7.3. | Selected performance standards for leather by application area - LHCA |
| 7.4. | Comparison of emerging alternative leathers - physical properties and performance |
| 7.5. | Compiled data on materials properties of emerging alternative leathers |
| 7.6. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: tear strength |
| 7.7. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Tear strength |
| 7.8. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Tensile strength |
| 7.9. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Tensile strength |
| 7.10. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Bally flexing |
| 7.11. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Bally flexing |
| 8. | BENCHMARKING OF EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHER |
| 8.1. | Considerations in comparing alternative leather materials |
| 8.2. | Benchmarking metric: Appearance |
| 8.3. | Benchmarking metric: Plastic content |
| 8.4. | Benchmarking metric: Price |
| 8.5. | Benchmarking metric: Technology readiness level |
| 8.6. | Benchmarking metric: Scalability |
| 8.7. | IDTechEx benchmarking of emerging alternative leathers |
| 8.8. | Benchmarking: Plant-based leathers |
| 8.9. | Benchmarking: Mycelium based leathers |
| 8.10. | Benchmarking: Microbial leather and other |
| 8.11. | Comparison of sustainable alternative leathers - price of commercial products |
| 8.12. | Price vs plastic content in plant-based leathers |
| 9. | MARKET LANDSCAPE OF EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHER |
| 9.1. | Company and Investment Landscape |
| 9.1.1. | Sustainable alternative leathers - company landscape |
| 9.1.2. | State of technology development for sustainable alternative leathers |
| 9.1.3. | Business models for sustainable alternative leather players |
| 9.1.4. | Investment landscape for emerging alternative leathers |
| 9.1.5. | Investment landscape of emerging alternative leathers by company |
| 9.1.6. | Evolving focus: Bolt Threads and Modern Meadow |
| 9.1.7. | Scaling production: Bolt Threads |
| 9.1.8. | Intellectual property landscape: Mycelium leather |
| 9.2. | Applications for Emerging Alternative Leathers |
| 9.2.1. | Applications of emerging alternative leathers |
| 9.2.2. | Go-to-market strategy for emerging alternative leathers |
| 9.2.3. | Requirements for automotive leather |
| 9.2.4. | Commercial activity in emerging alternative leathers: Overview |
| 9.2.5. | Commercial activity in emerging alternative leathers: Limited launches/collections |
| 9.2.6. | Commercial activity in sustainable alternative leathers: Higher volume applications |
| 9.2.7. | Recent developments in the emerging alternative leather market |
| 10. | FORECASTS FOR EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHER |
| 10.1. | Forecast methodology |
| 10.2. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast |
| 10.3. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast |
| 10.4. | Trends for emerging alternative leather |
| 10.5. | Trends for emerging alternative leather |
| 11. | APPENDIX |
| 11.1. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast |
| 11.2. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast |
| 11.3. | Key players in the leather recycling market |
| 11.4. | Key players in the leather recycling market |
| 11.5. | Mycelium-based leather company list |
| 11.6. | Mycelium-based leather company list |
| 11.7. | Plant-based leathers company list |
| 11.8. | Plant-based leathers company list |
| 11.9. | Plant-based leathers company list |
| 11.10. | Plant-based leathers company list |
| 11.11. | Microbial leather companies list |
| 11.12. | Lab grown leather companies list |