| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | Introduction to emerging alternative leathers | 
| 1.2. | Incumbent leather technologies | 
| 1.3. | Leather terminology | 
| 1.4. | Key drivers for emerging alternative leathers | 
| 1.5. | Types of sustainable alternative leathers | 
| 1.6. | Mycelium leather - product description and commercial analysis | 
| 1.7. | Plant-based leather - product description and commercial analysis | 
| 1.8. | Microbial leather - Product description and commercial analysis | 
| 1.9. | Lab grown leather - Product description and commercial analysis | 
| 1.10. | SWOT analysis of emerging alternative leathers | 
| 1.11. | Major application areas for emerging alternative leathers | 
| 1.12. | Go-to-market strategy for emerging alternative leathers | 
| 1.13. | Leather size requirements by application area | 
| 1.14. | Restraints for sustainable alternative leathers | 
| 1.15. | Investment landscape for emerging alternative leathers | 
| 1.16. | Recent developments in the emerging alternative leather market | 
| 1.17. | IDTechEx benchmarking of emerging alternative leathers | 
| 1.18. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast | 
| 1.19. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast | 
| 1.20. | Trends for emerging alternative leather | 
| 1.21. | Key findings on emerging alternative leather | 
| 1.22. | Company profiles | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION - MARKET DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES | 
| 2.1. | Acronyms | 
| 2.2. | Introduction to emerging alternative leathers | 
| 2.3. | Incumbent leather technologies | 
| 2.4. | Leather terminology | 
| 2.5. | Key drivers for emerging alternative leathers | 
| 2.6. | Market driver: The environmental impact of leather production | 
| 2.7. | Market driver: The environmental impact of rearing livestock | 
| 2.8. | Market driver: Consumer concerns | 
| 2.9. | Market driver: Problems with plastic leather | 
| 2.10. | Market driver: Regulatory drivers for alternative leather | 
| 2.11. | Market driver: Brand actions driving change | 
| 2.12. | Restraints for sustainable alternative leathers | 
| 3. | ANIMAL LEATHER - PRODUCTION AND TRENDS | 
| 3.1. | Animal leather overview | 
| 3.2. | Animal leather overview | 
| 3.3. | Animal leather - manufacturing processes | 
| 3.4. | Animal leather manufacturing process flowchart | 
| 3.5. | Leather cuts and coatings overview | 
| 3.6. | Leather coatings overview | 
| 3.7. | Leather cuts and applications | 
| 3.8. | Leather tanning overview | 
| 3.9. | Leather requirements for fashion accessories | 
| 3.10. | Evolving tanning requirements | 
| 3.11. | Disposal of animal leather | 
| 3.12. | Global leather production by animal source | 
| 4. | PLASTIC LEATHER - PRODUCTION AND TRENDS | 
| 4.1. | Plastic leather overview | 
| 4.2. | Sustainability trends in plastic leather | 
| 4.3. | Plastic leather overview - continued | 
| 4.4. | Plastic leather - manufacturing processes | 
| 4.5. | Plastic leather - wet vs dry production methods | 
| 4.6. | Global plastic leather production | 
| 5. | LEATHER RECYCLING | 
| 5.1. | Leather recycling overview | 
| 5.2. | Life cycle of leather and recycling | 
| 5.3. | Leather recycling processes - bonded leather production | 
| 5.4. | Leather recycling processes - hydroentanglement method | 
| 5.5. | State of technology development for recycled leathers | 
| 5.6. | Recycled leather: SWOT analysis | 
| 6. | SUSTAINABLE LEATHER ALTERNATIVES | 
| 6.1.1. | Types of sustainable alternative leathers | 
| 6.1.2. | Comparison of sustainable alternative leathers - production processes | 
| 6.2. | Mycelium Leather | 
| 6.2.1. | Mycelium leather overview | 
| 6.2.2. | Mycelium leather - production process | 
| 6.2.3. | Inoculation of the mycelium | 
| 6.2.4. | Growing mycelium - conditions | 
| 6.2.5. | Processing mycelium into leather | 
| 6.2.6. | Tanning and dyeing of mycelium leather | 
| 6.2.7. | Ecovative Design - Forager Hides | 
| 6.2.8. | State of technology development and market for mycelium leather | 
| 6.2.9. | Mycelium leather: SWOT analysis | 
| 6.2.10. | State of technology development for mycelium leather | 
| 6.3. | Plant-based Leather | 
| 6.3.1. | Plant-based leather overview | 
| 6.3.2. | Plant-based leather - production processes | 
| 6.3.3. | Plant-based leather - textile-based production process | 
| 6.3.4. | Plant-based leather - bio-composite production process | 
| 6.3.5. | Plant-based leather: Sourcing feedstock | 
| 6.3.6. | Processing of plant fibers for leather | 
| 6.3.7. | Textile backings made from plant-based materials | 
| 6.3.8. | Plant-based leather: SWOT analysis | 
| 6.3.9. | Plant-based leather - company landscape | 
| 6.3.10. | State of technology development for plant-based leather | 
| 6.4. | Microbial Leather | 
| 6.4.1. | Microbial leather overview | 
| 6.4.2. | Microbial leather - production process | 
| 6.4.3. | Microbial leather - fermentation conditions | 
| 6.4.4. | Microbial leather - harvest and finishing | 
| 6.4.5. | Microbial leather: SWOT analysis | 
| 6.4.6. | State of technology development for microbial leather | 
| 6.5. | Lab Grown Leather | 
| 6.5.1. | Lab grown leather overview | 
| 6.5.2. | Lab grown leather - production process | 
| 6.5.3. | Lab grown leather: Cell biopsy and culture | 
| 6.5.4. | Corium Biotech | 
| 6.5.5. | VitroLabs Inc | 
| 6.5.6. | Lab grown leather: SWOT analysis | 
| 6.5.7. | State of technology development for lab grown leather | 
| 6.6. | Other technologies | 
| 6.6.1. | Protein-based leather | 
| 6.6.2. | Mycelium powder-based leather | 
| 6.6.3. | Sustainable coatings and dyes for leather | 
| 6.6.4. | Plant-based coatings for leather - Von Holzhausen | 
| 7. | MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHERS | 
| 7.1. | Definitions of material properties relevant to leather | 
| 7.2. | Selected performance standards for leather by application area - ISO, ASTM, AATCC | 
| 7.3. | Selected performance standards for leather by application area - LHCA | 
| 7.4. | Comparison of emerging alternative leathers - physical properties and performance | 
| 7.5. | Compiled data on materials properties of emerging alternative leathers | 
| 7.6. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: tear strength | 
| 7.7. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Tear strength | 
| 7.8. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Tensile strength | 
| 7.9. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Tensile strength | 
| 7.10. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Bally flexing | 
| 7.11. | Material properties of emerging alternative leathers: Bally flexing | 
| 8. | BENCHMARKING OF EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHER | 
| 8.1. | Considerations in comparing alternative leather materials | 
| 8.2. | Benchmarking metric: Appearance | 
| 8.3. | Benchmarking metric: Plastic content | 
| 8.4. | Benchmarking metric: Price | 
| 8.5. | Benchmarking metric: Technology readiness level | 
| 8.6. | Benchmarking metric: Scalability | 
| 8.7. | IDTechEx benchmarking of emerging alternative leathers | 
| 8.8. | Benchmarking: Plant-based leathers | 
| 8.9. | Benchmarking: Mycelium based leathers | 
| 8.10. | Benchmarking: Microbial leather and other | 
| 8.11. | Comparison of sustainable alternative leathers - price of commercial products | 
| 8.12. | Price vs plastic content in plant-based leathers | 
| 9. | MARKET LANDSCAPE OF EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHER | 
| 9.1. | Company and Investment Landscape | 
| 9.1.1. | Sustainable alternative leathers - company landscape | 
| 9.1.2. | State of technology development for sustainable alternative leathers | 
| 9.1.3. | Business models for sustainable alternative leather players | 
| 9.1.4. | Investment landscape for emerging alternative leathers | 
| 9.1.5. | Investment landscape of emerging alternative leathers by company | 
| 9.1.6. | Evolving focus: Bolt Threads and Modern Meadow | 
| 9.1.7. | Scaling production: Bolt Threads | 
| 9.1.8. | Intellectual property landscape: Mycelium leather | 
| 9.2. | Applications for Emerging Alternative Leathers | 
| 9.2.1. | Applications of emerging alternative leathers | 
| 9.2.2. | Go-to-market strategy for emerging alternative leathers | 
| 9.2.3. | Requirements for automotive leather | 
| 9.2.4. | Commercial activity in emerging alternative leathers: Overview | 
| 9.2.5. | Commercial activity in emerging alternative leathers: Limited launches/collections | 
| 9.2.6. | Commercial activity in sustainable alternative leathers: Higher volume applications | 
| 9.2.7. | Recent developments in the emerging alternative leather market | 
| 10. | FORECASTS FOR EMERGING ALTERNATIVE LEATHER | 
| 10.1. | Forecast methodology | 
| 10.2. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast | 
| 10.3. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast | 
| 10.4. | Trends for emerging alternative leather | 
| 10.5. | Trends for emerging alternative leather | 
| 11. | APPENDIX | 
| 11.1. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast | 
| 11.2. | Emerging alternative leather market forecast | 
| 11.3. | Key players in the leather recycling market | 
| 11.4. | Key players in the leather recycling market | 
| 11.5. | Mycelium-based leather company list | 
| 11.6. | Mycelium-based leather company list | 
| 11.7. | Plant-based leathers company list | 
| 11.8. | Plant-based leathers company list | 
| 11.9. | Plant-based leathers company list | 
| 11.10. | Plant-based leathers company list | 
| 11.11. | Microbial leather companies list | 
| 11.12. | Lab grown leather companies list |