| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | Graphene: Analyst Viewpoint |
| 1.2. | Graphene - Introduction |
| 1.3. | Advanced Carbon: Overview |
| 1.4. | Understanding Graphene: Production process |
| 1.5. | Understanding Graphene: Material grades & forms |
| 1.6. | Does anyone mass produce true graphene? |
| 1.7. | Not all graphenes are equal: benchmarking study |
| 1.8. | What is the next generation of graphene? |
| 1.9. | The hype curve of the graphene industry |
| 1.10. | Market entry from major players |
| 1.11. | IP and regulatory landscape |
| 1.12. | Comparison of business models |
| 1.13. | Supply chain for GNP/rGO enabled polymer product |
| 1.14. | Market leaders emerge and consolidation anticipated |
| 1.15. | Private graphene investments |
| 1.16. | Mergers & Acquisitions |
| 1.17. | Revenue of graphene companies |
| 1.18. | Profit and loss trend of graphene companies |
| 1.19. | Profitable graphene companies |
| 1.20. | Graphite players see opportunity in graphene |
| 1.21. | Graphene platelet-type: global production capacity |
| 1.22. | The importance of intermediates |
| 1.23. | Is graphene green? |
| 1.24. | Graphene prices by suppliers |
| 1.25. | Is there a commoditization risk for graphene? |
| 1.26. | Overview of Graphene Manufacturers |
| 1.27. | Main graphene oxide manufacturers |
| 1.28. | Graphene in China |
| 1.29. | Main Chinese manufacturers |
| 1.30. | Learning from the capacity progression of MWCNTs |
| 1.31. | CVD graphene manufacturers |
| 1.32. | Expanding graphene wafer capacity and adoption |
| 1.33. | Application Overview - GNP and rGO |
| 1.34. | Competitive Landscape - Application |
| 1.35. | Graphene applications going commercial? |
| 1.36. | Market breakdown by revenue and volume |
| 1.37. | Commercial Indicators of the inflection point |
| 1.38. | Nanoinformatics - Accelerating R&D |
| 1.39. | Overview of 2D materials beyond graphene |
| 2. | MARKET FORECASTS |
| 2.1. | Forecast methodology and assumptions |
| 2.2. | Granular ten-year graphene market forecast segmented by 18 application areas |
| 2.3. | Granular ten-year graphene market forecast segmented by 18 application areas |
| 2.4. | Ten-year forecast for volume demand for graphene material |
| 2.5. | Ten-year forecast for volume demand for graphene material |
| 2.6. | Progression of the graphene market |
| 2.7. | Ten-year forecast for graphene platelet vs sheets |
| 2.8. | CNT market forecast comparison |
| 3. | COMPETITIVE MATERIAL LANDSCAPE |
| 3.1. | Advanced Carbon: Overview |
| 3.2. | Carbon black - Market overview |
| 3.3. | Specialty carbon black - Market overview |
| 3.4. | Carbon Nanotubes - Overview |
| 3.5. | Progression and outlook for MWCNT capacity |
| 3.6. | Graphite - Overview |
| 3.7. | Carbon Fiber - Market overview |
| 3.8. | Incumbent material - graphene competition |
| 4. | GRAPHENE PRODUCTION |
| 4.1. | Explaining the main graphene manufacturing routes |
| 4.2. | Quality and consistency issue |
| 4.3. | Expanded graphite |
| 4.4. | Reduced graphene oxide |
| 4.5. | Oxidising graphite: processes and characteristics |
| 4.6. | Reducing graphene oxide: different methods |
| 4.7. | Direct liquid phase exfoliation: process and characteristics |
| 4.8. | Direct liquid phase exfoliation under shear force |
| 4.9. | Electrochemical exfoliation |
| 4.10. | Properties of electrochemical exfoliated graphene |
| 4.11. | Plasma exfoliation |
| 4.12. | Increasing number of plasma processes |
| 4.13. | Substrate-less CVD (chemical vapour deposition) |
| 4.14. | Substrate-less CVD: growth of flower like graphene |
| 4.15. | Captured CO2 as a feedstock for advanced nanocarbons |
| 4.16. | Producing graphene as an electronic substrate or material |
| 4.17. | Chemical Vapour Deposited (CVD) Graphene |
| 4.18. | Growth process of CVD graphene |
| 4.19. | The key role of oxygen in CVD graphene growth |
| 4.20. | CVD graphene: cm scale grain domains possible |
| 4.21. | Roll to roll (R2R) growth of CVD graphene film |
| 4.22. | The transfer challenge: a showstopper? |
| 4.23. | Roll-to-roll transfer of CVD graphene |
| 4.24. | Novel methods for transferring CVD graphene |
| 4.25. | Using R2R joule heating to enable CVD growth |
| 4.26. | Epitaxial: high performance but high cost |
| 4.27. | Graphene from SiC |
| 4.28. | Metal on silicon CVD (then transfer) |
| 4.29. | Transfer-FREE metal on Si graphene |
| 4.30. | Single crystal wafer scale graphene on silicon |
| 4.31. | CVD Graphene Progress |
| 4.32. | CVD Graphene Progress (2) |
| 4.33. | CVD Graphene Progress (3) |
| 4.34. | CVD Graphene Progress (4) |
| 4.35. | Regulations - ISO |
| 5. | ENERGY STORAGE: BATTERIES |
| 5.1. | Energy storage: Graphene overview |
| 5.2. | Graphene batteries introduction |
| 5.3. | Graphene-enabled energy storage devices: Overview |
| 5.4. | The energy storage market is booming |
| 5.5. | Types of lithium battery |
| 5.6. | Battery technology comparison |
| 5.7. | Li-ion Timeline - Technology and Performance |
| 5.8. | Main Graphene Players - Energy Storage |
| 5.9. | LFP cathode improvement |
| 5.10. | Why graphene and carbon black are used together |
| 5.11. | Results showing graphene improves LFP batteries |
| 5.12. | Results showing graphene improves NCM batteries |
| 5.13. | Results showing graphene improves LTO batteries |
| 5.14. | Value Proposition of High Silicon Content Anodes |
| 5.15. | Silicon anodes |
| 5.16. | Silicon anodes (2) |
| 5.17. | Silicon anodes (3) |
| 5.18. | Silicon anodes (4) |
| 5.19. | Silicon anodes (5) |
| 5.20. | Electrolyte and current collectors |
| 5.21. | Fast charging lithium-ion batteries |
| 5.22. | Motivation - why Lithium sulphur batteries? |
| 5.23. | The Lithium sulphur battery chemistry |
| 5.24. | Why graphene helps in Li sulphur batteries |
| 5.25. | State of the art use of graphene in LiS batteries |
| 5.26. | State of the art use of graphene in LiS batteries (2) |
| 5.27. | Mixed graphene/CNT in batteries |
| 5.28. | Graphene-enabled lead acid battery |
| 5.29. | Aluminum-ion batteries |
| 5.30. | Conclusions: graphene role in batteries |
| 6. | ENERGY STORAGE: SUPERCAPACITORS |
| 6.1. | Energy Storage Priorities |
| 6.2. | Supercapacitor fundamentals |
| 6.3. | Batteries vs supercapacitors |
| 6.4. | Competition from other carbon nanostructures |
| 6.5. | Challenges with graphene: poor out-of-plane conductivity and re-stacking |
| 6.6. | Graphene supercapacitors players |
| 6.7. | Graphene supercapacitor Ragone plots |
| 6.8. | Promising results on GO supercapacitors |
| 6.9. | Key Player: Skeleton Technologies |
| 6.10. | Skeleton Technologies - Supercapacitor Battery Hybrid |
| 6.11. | Targeted high-volume production |
| 6.12. | Graphene supercapacitor products and outlook - new product launches over the full range |
| 6.13. | Graphene supercapacitor products and outlook - wide range of applications |
| 6.14. | Future iterations - graphene hydrogels and aerogels? |
| 6.15. | Future iterations - graphene hydrogels and aerogels? |
| 6.16. | Conclusions: graphene role in supercapacitors |
| 7. | THERMAL MANAGEMENT |
| 7.1. | Thermal Management: Smartphones |
| 7.2. | Thermal management applications |
| 7.3. | Introduction to Thermal Interface Materials (TIM) |
| 7.4. | Advanced Materials for TIM - Introduction |
| 7.5. | Summary of TIM utilising advanced carbon materials |
| 7.6. | Achieving through-plane alignment |
| 7.7. | Graphene heat spreaders: commercial success |
| 7.8. | Graphene heat spreaders: performance |
| 7.9. | Graphene heat spreaders: suppliers multiply |
| 7.10. | Graphene as additives to thermal interface pads |
| 7.11. | Graphene: heat conductivity boosters |
| 7.12. | Nanofluidic coolant |
| 8. | POLYMER ADDITIVE |
| 8.1. | Introduction |
| 8.1.1. | General observation on using graphene additives in composites |
| 8.2. | Mechanical |
| 8.2.1. | Evidence for mechanical property improvement |
| 8.2.2. | Evidence for mechanical property improvement (2) |
| 8.2.3. | Results showing Young's Modulus enhancement using graphene |
| 8.2.4. | Commercial results on permeation graphene improvement |
| 8.2.5. | Permeation Improvement |
| 8.2.6. | Graphene providing enhanced fire retardancy |
| 8.3. | Conductive |
| 8.3.1. | Graphene platelet-based conductors: polymer composites |
| 8.3.2. | Thermal conductivity improvement using graphene |
| 8.3.3. | Electrical conductivity improvement using graphene |
| 8.3.4. | EMI Shielding: graphene additives |
| 8.3.5. | Commercial studies |
| 8.4. | Commercial applications |
| 8.4.1. | Key adoption examples - sports & leisure |
| 8.4.2. | Key adoption examples - automotive |
| 8.4.3. | Key adoption examples - industrial pipelines |
| 8.4.4. | Mechanical Polymer: Adoption Examples - Packaging |
| 8.4.5. | Mechanical Polymer: Adoption Examples - Elastomers |
| 8.4.6. | Graphene-enhanced conductive 3D printing filaments |
| 8.5. | Intermediate players |
| 8.5.1. | Product Launches - Composites |
| 9. | FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) ADDITIVES |
| 9.1. | Role of nanocarbon as additive to FRPs |
| 9.2. | Routes to incorporating nanocarbon material into composites |
| 9.3. | Routes to electrically conductive composites |
| 9.4. | Technology adoption for electrostatic discharge of composites |
| 9.5. | Nanocarbon for enhanced electrical conductivity - Graphene |
| 9.6. | Enhanced thermal conductivity - application overview |
| 9.7. | Electrothermal de-icing - Nanocarbon patents |
| 9.8. | Electrothermal de-icing - Graphene research |
| 9.9. | Nanocomposites for enhanced thermal conductivity - graphene |
| 9.10. | Embedded sensors for structural health monitoring of composites - introduction |
| 9.11. | Embedded sensors for structural health monitoring of composites - types |
| 9.12. | Nanocarbon Sensors for embedded SHM |
| 10. | GRAPHENE CONDUCTIVE INKS |
| 10.1. | Graphene platelet/powder-based conductors: conductive inks |
| 10.2. | Applications of conductive graphene inks |
| 10.3. | Results of resistive heating using graphene inks |
| 10.4. | Heating applications |
| 10.5. | Uniform and stable heating |
| 10.6. | Results of de-frosting using graphene inks |
| 10.7. | Results of de-icing using graphene heaters |
| 10.8. | Transparent EMI shielding |
| 10.9. | ESD films printed using graphene |
| 10.10. | Graphene inks can be highly opaque |
| 10.11. | RFID types and characteristics |
| 10.12. | Graphene RFID tags |
| 11. | SENSORS |
| 11.1. | Industry examples of graphene-based sensors |
| 11.2. | Graphene Sensors - Gas Sensors |
| 11.3. | Graphene Sensors - Gas Sensors (2) |
| 11.4. | Gas sensors - Overview |
| 11.5. | Graphene sensor for food safety monitoring |
| 11.6. | Biosensor - electrochemical transducer overview |
| 11.7. | Graphene-based BioFET |
| 11.8. | Graphene Sensors - Biosensors |
| 11.9. | Graphene Sensors - COVID-19 |
| 11.10. | Graphene Quantum Dots |
| 11.11. | Hall-effect sensor |
| 11.12. | Graphene's optical properties |
| 11.13. | Fast graphene photosensor |
| 11.14. | Commercial example of graphene-enabled photodetector |
| 11.15. | Emberion: QD-Graphene-Si broadrange SWIR sensor |
| 11.16. | Emerging role in silicon photonics |
| 11.17. | New graphene photonic companies |
| 11.18. | Academic research: Twisted bilayer graphene sensitive to longer wavelength IR light |
| 11.19. | QD-on-CMOS with graphene interlayer |
| 11.20. | Graphene humidity sensor |
| 11.21. | Optical brain sensors using graphene |
| 11.22. | Graphene skin electrodes |
| 11.23. | Graphene-enabled stretch sensor applications |
| 12. | TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND GLASS |
| 12.1. | Transparent conducting films (TCFs) |
| 12.2. | Different Transparent Conductive Films (TCFs) |
| 12.3. | ITO film shortcomings: flexibility |
| 12.4. | ITO film shortcomings: limited sheet conductivity |
| 12.5. | Indium's single supply risk: real or exaggerated? |
| 12.6. | Graphene performance as TCF |
| 12.7. | Doping as a strategy for improving graphene TCF performance |
| 12.8. | Be wary of extraordinary results for graphene |
| 12.9. | Graphene transparent conducting films: thinness and barrier layers |
| 12.10. | LG Electronics: R2R CVD graphene targeting TCFs? |
| 12.11. | Hybrid materials (I) : Properties |
| 12.12. | Hybrid materials (II): Chasm |
| 13. | GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS |
| 13.1. | Introduction to transistors |
| 13.2. | Transistor Figures-of-Merit (transfer characteristics) |
| 13.3. | Transistor Figures-of-Merit (output characteristics) |
| 13.4. | Why graphene transistors? |
| 13.5. | First graphene FET with top gate (CMOS)- 2007 |
| 13.6. | High performance top gate FET |
| 13.7. | Graphene FET with bandgap |
| 13.8. | Opening a bandgap: e-field induced bandgap bilayer graphene |
| 13.9. | Opening bandgap: No free lunch! |
| 13.10. | Graphene wafer scale integration |
| 13.11. | Can graphene FETs make it as an analogue high frequency device? |
| 13.12. | So what if we print graphene? Poor competition gives hope! |
| 13.13. | Fully inkjet printed 2D material FETs |
| 13.14. | Fully inkjet printed 2D material FETs on TEXTILE |
| 13.15. | Fully inkjet printed on-textile 2D material logic! |
| 13.16. | Graphene transistor conclusions |
| 14. | MEMBRANES |
| 14.1. | Introduction to membranes |
| 14.2. | Stacked Graphene Oxide |
| 14.3. | Applications in paper/pulp industry |
| 14.4. | Lockheed Martin graphene membrane |
| 14.5. | Printed GO membranes |
| 14.6. | Lithium extraction |
| 14.7. | Emulsion separation |
| 14.8. | Membrane players |
| 14.9. | Filtration - Commercial launches |
| 14.10. | Latest research for water filtration |
| 14.11. | Sensors |
| 14.12. | Electronics |
| 14.13. | Fuel cells |
| 15. | OTHER APPLICATIONS |
| 15.1. | Concrete & asphalt: Overview |
| 15.2. | Concrete & asphalt: Research and demonstrations |
| 15.3. | Concrete & asphalt: Graphene outlook |
| 15.4. | 2022/23 Product Launches - Concrete |
| 15.5. | Graphene textiles |
| 15.6. | Graphene textile uptake |
| 15.7. | Headphones |
| 15.8. | Lubricants |
| 15.9. | Engine oil |
| 15.10. | Copper nanocomposites - introduction |
| 15.11. | Production of copper nanocomposites |
| 15.12. | Graphene platelet-based conductors: metal composites |
| 15.13. | Metal composite developments |
| 15.14. | Metal additive manufacturing |
| 15.15. | Hot extrusion nanoalloy |
| 15.16. | Multilayer copper nanocomposites |
| 15.17. | Ceramic composite developments |
| 15.18. | Graphene as additive in tires |
| 15.19. | Results on use of graphene in silica loaded tires |
| 15.20. | Graphene-enabled vehicle tire |
| 15.21. | Graphene-enabled bike tires |
| 15.22. | Anti-corrosion coating |
| 15.23. | Other coatings |
| 15.24. | Graphene UV shielding coatings |
| 15.25. | 2022/23 Product Launches - Coatings |
| 15.26. | Antimicrobial: graphene research |
| 15.27. | Antimicrobial: graphene applications |
| 16. | ANALYSIS OF GNP, GO, RGO MANUFACTURERS |
| 16.1. | List of graphene manufacturers |
| 16.2. | NanoXplore |
| 16.3. | NanoXplore - Financials |
| 16.4. | NanoXplore - Partnerships |
| 16.5. | NanoXplore - Key News |
| 16.6. | NanoXplore - IP Activity |
| 16.7. | The Sixth Element |
| 16.8. | Directa Plus |
| 16.9. | Avanzare |
| 16.10. | Versarien |
| 16.11. | First Graphene |
| 16.12. | Thomas Swan |
| 16.13. | NeoGraf |
| 16.14. | Global Graphene Group (G3) |
| 16.15. | Xiamen Knano |
| 16.16. | SuperC |
| 16.17. | Qingdao SCF Nanotech |
| 16.18. | Leadernano |
| 16.19. | Ningbo Morsh |
| 16.20. | KB Element |
| 17. | 2D MATERIALS BEYOND GRAPHENE |
| 17.1. | Overview |
| 17.1.1. | 2D materials beyond graphene: A GROWING family! |
| 17.1.2. | Computation suggests thousands available |
| 17.1.3. | "Atomic Lego" - the future of material science? |
| 17.1.4. | 2D materials beyond graphene: a GROWING family! |
| 17.1.5. | Publication rate is astronomical |
| 17.1.6. | A range of 2D materials exist with bandgaps! |
| 17.2. | Nano Boron Nitride |
| 17.2.1. | Introduction to Nano Boron Nitride |
| 17.2.2. | BNNT players and prices |
| 17.2.3. | BNNT property variation |
| 17.2.4. | BN nanostructures in thermal interface materials |
| 17.2.5. | BNNT developments (1) |
| 17.2.6. | BNNT developments (2) |
| 17.2.7. | BN vs C nanostructures: Manufacturing routes |
| 17.2.8. | BNNS - manufacturing status |
| 17.2.9. | BNNS - research advancements |
| 17.3. | Transition Metal Dichalcogenides |
| 17.3.1. | TMD overview |
| 17.3.2. | TMD - Novel manufacturing method for MoS2 |
| 17.3.3. | MoS2: Change in band structure from bulk to 2D |
| 17.3.4. | 2D materials working: top gate FET |
| 17.3.5. | Wafer scale uniform TMD growth |
| 17.3.6. | Latest research to 300mm wafers |
| 17.3.7. | TMDs: Major players |
| 17.4. | MXenes |
| 17.4.1. | MXenes: A rapidly emerging class |
| 17.4.2. | MXenes - Application opportunities |
| 17.4.3. | MXenes - Latest research |
| 17.4.4. | MXenes - Latest Research (2) |
| 17.5. | Phosphorene |
| 17.5.1. | Phosphorene |
| 17.5.2. | Phosphorene - Manufacturing |
| 17.5.3. | Phosphorene - Manufacturing (2) |
| 17.5.4. | Phosphorene - Biomedical applications |
| 17.6. | Other 2D Materials |
| 17.6.1. | Other 2D materials |
| 17.6.2. | 2.5D Materials |
| 17.6.3. | Materials SWOT comparison |
| 18. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 18.1. | Abalonyx 2020 |
| 18.2. | Advanced Materials Development 2021, 2022 |
| 18.3. | Aixtron |
| 18.4. | Alpha Assembly Solutions |
| 18.5. | American Boronite Corporation |
| 18.6. | Applied Graphene Materials 2019, 2022 |
| 18.7. | Applied Nanolayers |
| 18.8. | Atomic Mechanics |
| 18.9. | Avanzare 2019, 2020 |
| 18.10. | AzTrong |
| 18.11. | BeDimensional |
| 18.12. | BestGraphene |
| 18.13. | Bio Graphene Solutions |
| 18.14. | Black Semiconductor |
| 18.15. | BNNano 2019, 2022 |
| 18.16. | BNNT |
| 18.17. | BNNT Technology Limited |
| 18.18. | C's Techno |
| 18.19. | Ceylon Graphene Technologies |
| 18.20. | Charmgraphene |
| 18.21. | CNM Technologies |
| 18.22. | Colloids |
| 18.23. | Directa Plus |
| 18.24. | Epic Advanced Materials |
| 18.25. | First Graphene 2019, 2022 |
| 18.26. | G6 Materials |
| 18.27. | Garmor |
| 18.28. | General Graphene Corporation |
| 18.29. | Geradu Graphene |
| 18.30. | Global Graphene Group 2019, 2020 |
| 18.31. | GNext |
| 18.32. | Grapheal |
| 18.33. | Graphenano |
| 18.34. | Graphene Manufacturing Group |
| 18.35. | Graphenea 2020, 2022 |
| 18.36. | GrapheneCA 2019, 2020 |
| 18.37. | Graphmatech |
| 18.38. | Grolltex |
| 18.39. | Haike |
| 18.40. | Hubron |
| 18.41. | HydroGraph |
| 18.42. | Incubation Alliance |
| 18.43. | Integrated Graphene |
| 18.44. | KB Element |
| 18.45. | Knano |
| 18.46. | Laminar |
| 18.47. | LayerOne |
| 18.48. | Levidian |
| 18.49. | Lyten |
| 18.50. | MITO Material Solutions |
| 18.51. | Nanotech Energy |
| 18.52. | NanoXplore 2019, 2020, 2022 |
| 18.53. | NASA Glenn Research Center |
| 18.54. | NematiQ |
| 18.55. | Nemo Nanomaterials |
| 18.56. | NeoGraf |
| 18.57. | Ningbo Morsh |
| 18.58. | Nova Graphene |
| 18.59. | Paragraf |
| 18.60. | Perpetuus Advanced Materials |
| 18.61. | Qurv |
| 18.62. | Raymor Industry/PPG 2019, 2022 |
| 18.63. | Real Graphene |
| 18.64. | Sixonia |
| 18.65. | Sixth Element 2019, 2020, 2022 |
| 18.66. | Smart High Tech |
| 18.67. | Standard Graphene |
| 18.68. | SuperC |
| 18.69. | Talga Resources |
| 18.70. | The Graphene Corporation |
| 18.71. | Thomas Swan |
| 18.72. | Toraphene |
| 18.73. | True 2 Materials |
| 18.74. | Tungshu (Dongxu Optoelectronic Technology) |
| 18.75. | Universal Matter |
| 18.76. | Versarien Group |
| 18.77. | Vorbeck |
| 18.78. | Watercycle |
| 18.79. | William Blythe |
| 18.80. | XG Sciences 2019, 2022 |
| 18.81. | Zentek |