| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | What's New in This Report? (1) |
| 1.2. | What's New in This Report? (2) |
| 1.3. | Summary of Traction Motor Types |
| 1.4. | Electric Motor Type Market Share by Vehicle |
| 1.5. | Average Motor Power 2022 by Vehicle Category (kW) |
| 1.6. | Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers |
| 1.7. | Motor Type Market Share Forecast |
| 1.8. | Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars |
| 1.9. | OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 1.10. | Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares |
| 1.11. | Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 1.12. | Motor Technologies in Two-wheelers |
| 1.13. | Average Motor Power of Microcars |
| 1.14. | Motors Used in eLCVs |
| 1.15. | Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 1.16. | Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 1.17. | Truck Motor Type Market Share and Power Output Requirements |
| 1.18. | Electric Bus Motor Types |
| 1.19. | Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 1.20. | Examples of Vehicles with In-wheel Motors |
| 1.21. | In-wheel Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 1.22. | Motor Type Power Density Benchmark |
| 1.23. | Motor Cooling Strategy Forecast (Units) |
| 1.24. | BEV Power Density Benchmarking |
| 1.25. | Commercial Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 1.26. | Light Duty Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 1.27. | Total Motors Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (units) |
| 1.28. | Total Motor Power Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (kW) |
| 1.29. | Total Motor Market Size Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 ($ billions) |
| 1.30. | Forecast Commentary |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Electric Vehicles: Basic Principle |
| 2.2. | Electric Vehicle Definitions |
| 2.3. | Drivetrain Specifications |
| 2.4. | Parallel and Series Hybrids: Explained |
| 2.5. | Electric Motors |
| 3. | TYPES OF ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR AND BENCHMARKING |
| 3.1.1. | Electric Traction Motor Types (1) |
| 3.1.2. | Summary of Traction Motor Types |
| 3.1.3. | Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors |
| 3.1.4. | Peak vs Continuous Properties |
| 3.1.5. | Efficiency |
| 3.1.6. | Brushless DC Motors (BLDC): Working Principle |
| 3.1.7. | BLDC Motors: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.8. | BLDC Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.9. | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.10. | PMSM: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.11. | PMSM: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.12. | Differences Between PMSM and BLDC |
| 3.1.13. | Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor (WRSM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.14. | Renault's Magnet Free Motor |
| 3.1.15. | WRSM Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.16. | WRSM: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.17. | AC Induction Motors (ACIM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.18. | AC Induction Motor (ACIM) |
| 3.1.19. | AC Induction Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.20. | AC Induction Motor: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.21. | Reluctance Motors |
| 3.1.22. | Reluctance Motor: Working Principle |
| 3.1.23. | Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) |
| 3.1.24. | Switched Reluctance Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.25. | Permanent Magnet Assisted Reluctance (PMAR) |
| 3.1.26. | PMAR Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.27. | Regeneration |
| 3.2. | Electric Traction Motors: Summary and Benchmarking Results |
| 3.2.1. | Comparison of Traction Motor Construction and Merits |
| 3.2.2. | Motor Efficiency Comparison |
| 3.2.3. | Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors |
| 3.2.4. | Multiple Motors: Explained |
| 4. | MOTOR MARKET IN ELECTRIC CARS |
| 4.1. | BEV and PHEV Motor Type Market Share by Region |
| 4.2. | Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers |
| 4.3. | Motor Type Market Share Forecast |
| 4.4. | Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars |
| 4.5. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, regional) |
| 4.6. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 4.7. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, motor type) |
| 4.8. | Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2034 (US$, drivetrain) |
| 4.9. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, regional) |
| 4.10. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, drivetrain) |
| 5. | MICROMOBILITY |
| 5.1. | Introduction |
| 5.2. | Micro EV Types |
| 5.3. | The EV Revolution is Happening on Two Wheels |
| 5.4. | Micro EV Characteristics |
| 5.5. | Electric Two-wheeler Classification |
| 5.6. | Electric Two-wheelers: Power Classes |
| 5.7. | E-motorcycle Benchmarking |
| 5.8. | Motor Technologies in Two-wheelers |
| 5.9. | Zero Z-Force Powertrain |
| 5.10. | Electric Three-wheeler Classification |
| 5.11. | China and India are Major Three-wheeler Markets |
| 5.12. | Examples of E3W Models |
| 5.13. | Examples of E3W Models |
| 5.14. | What is a Microcar? |
| 5.15. | Average Motor Power of Microcars |
| 5.16. | Micromobility Motor Manufacturers |
| 5.17. | Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, vehicle type) |
| 5.18. | Micromobility Research |
| 6. | ELECTRIC LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (ELCV) |
| 6.1. | Introduction to Electric LCVs |
| 6.2. | LCV Definition |
| 6.3. | Electric LCVs: Drivers and Barriers |
| 6.4. | Specifications of eLCVs available in Europe |
| 6.5. | Motors Used in eLCVs |
| 6.6. | Motor Number, Type and Power Trends: LCV |
| 6.7. | LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 6.8. | Light Commercial Vehicle Research |
| 7. | ELECTRIC TRUCKS |
| 7.1. | Zero Emission Trucks: Drivers and Barriers |
| 7.2. | Truck Weight Definitions |
| 7.3. | Integrated e-Axle Space Advantage |
| 7.4. | Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 7.5. | Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 7.6. | Allison Transmission eGen Power e-Axles |
| 7.7. | BorgWarner |
| 7.8. | Dana E-Axles |
| 7.9. | Danfoss Editron |
| 7.10. | Detroit eAxles |
| 7.11. | FPT Truck Motors |
| 7.12. | Meritor Blue Horizon ePowertrain |
| 7.13. | Meritor 14Xe Electric Drivetrain |
| 7.14. | Meritor supplies Hyliion, Volta Trucks, Lion Electric and Autocar Trucks |
| 7.15. | Volvo |
| 7.16. | ZF Electrification Solutions |
| 7.17. | Truck Motor Type Market Share and Power Output Requirements |
| 7.18. | Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain & category) |
| 7.19. | Electric Truck Research |
| 8. | ELECTRIC BUSES |
| 8.1. | Bus Types |
| 8.2. | Why Adopt Buses? |
| 8.3. | Challenges for Electric Bus Adoption |
| 8.4. | BEV & PHEV Bus Options |
| 8.5. | Electric Buses: Global Market History |
| 8.6. | Dana TM4 |
| 8.7. | Equipmake |
| 8.8. | Traktionssysteme Austria (TSA) |
| 8.9. | Volvo Electric Buses |
| 8.10. | ZF |
| 8.11. | Electric Bus Motor Types |
| 8.12. | Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 9. | HEV DRIVE TECHNOLOGY |
| 9.1. | HEV Car Manufacturer Market Share |
| 9.2. | Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System |
| 9.3. | Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System |
| 9.4. | Honda |
| 9.5. | Honda Sport Hybrid Systems |
| 9.6. | Honda's 2 Motor Hybrid System |
| 9.7. | Nissan Note e-POWER |
| 9.8. | Hyundai Sonata Hybrid |
| 9.9. | Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2010 |
| 9.10. | Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2017 |
| 9.11. | Comparison of Hybrid MGs |
| 9.12. | Global HEV Car Motor/Generator Trends |
| 9.13. | HEV Car MGs Trends and Assumptions |
| 9.14. | Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2034 (units, kW) |
| 9.15. | High Voltage Hybrid Electric Vehicle Research |
| 10. | ELECTRIC AVIATION |
| 10.1. | eVTOL Motor Requirements |
| 10.1.1. | eVTOL Motor / Powertrain Requirements |
| 10.1.2. | eVTOL Aircraft Motor Power Sizing |
| 10.1.3. | eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate |
| 10.1.4. | eVTOL Power Requirement |
| 10.1.5. | eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate |
| 10.1.6. | Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion |
| 10.1.7. | eVTOL Number of Electric Motors |
| 10.1.8. | Motor Sizing |
| 10.2. | Electric Motors for Aviation: Players |
| 10.2.1. | EMRAX |
| 10.2.2. | ePropelled |
| 10.2.3. | Evolito |
| 10.2.4. | H3X |
| 10.2.5. | MAGicALL |
| 10.2.6. | magniX |
| 10.2.7. | MGM COMPRO |
| 10.2.8. | Rolls-Royce / Siemens |
| 10.2.9. | Rolls-Royce / Siemens |
| 10.2.10. | SAFRAN |
| 10.2.11. | Other Player Examples |
| 10.2.12. | Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation |
| 10.2.13. | Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation |
| 10.2.14. | eVTOL Research |
| 11. | EMERGING MOTOR TECHNOLOGIES |
| 11.1. | Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.1. | Radial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.2. | Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.3. | Radial Flux vs Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.4. | Yoked vs Yokeless Axial Flux |
| 11.1.5. | Challenges with Axial Flux Thermal Management |
| 11.1.6. | List of Axial Flux Motor Players |
| 11.1.7. | Beyond Motors |
| 11.1.8. | AVID Acquired by Turntide |
| 11.1.9. | EMRAX |
| 11.1.10. | Elemental Motors |
| 11.1.11. | Lamborghini |
| 11.1.12. | Infinitum Electric: Printed PCB Stator |
| 11.1.13. | Koenigsegg - raxial flux |
| 11.1.14. | Magnax |
| 11.1.15. | Magelec Propulsion |
| 11.1.16. | Saietta |
| 11.1.17. | WHYLOT |
| 11.1.18. | WHYLOT and Renault |
| 11.1.19. | YASA Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.20. | YASA and Koenigsegg |
| 11.1.21. | YASA and Ferrari |
| 11.1.22. | Daimler Acquires YASA |
| 11.1.23. | Benchmark of Commercial Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.24. | Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 11.2. | In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.1. | In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.2. | Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.3. | Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.4. | Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.5. | DeepDrive |
| 11.2.6. | Elaphe |
| 11.2.7. | Gem Motors |
| 11.2.8. | Hitachi |
| 11.2.9. | Hyundai Mobis |
| 11.2.10. | Nidec |
| 11.2.11. | Protean Electric |
| 11.2.12. | REE Automotive |
| 11.2.13. | Schaeffler |
| 11.2.14. | Examples of Vehicles with In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.15. | Axial Flux for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.16. | In-wheel Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 11.3. | Axial Flux and In-wheel Motors Benchmarking Against BEV Motors |
| 11.3.1. | Motor Type Power Density Benchmark |
| 11.3.2. | Motor Type Torque Density Benchmark |
| 11.3.3. | Axial Flux and In-wheel Benchmark against Traditional |
| 11.4. | Overcoming Issues with Switched Reluctance Motors |
| 11.4.1. | Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) |
| 11.4.2. | No Permanent Magnets for SRMs |
| 11.4.3. | Advanced Electric Machines (AEM): Commercial Vehicles |
| 11.4.4. | AEM and Bentley |
| 11.4.5. | Enedym |
| 11.4.6. | RETORQ Motors |
| 11.4.7. | Punch Powertrain |
| 11.4.8. | Turntide Technologies |
| 11.4.9. | Switched Reluctance Players for EVs |
| 12. | MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS |
| 12.1.1. | Which Materials are Required for Electric Motors? |
| 12.2. | Materials for Permanent Magnets |
| 12.2.1. | Magnetic Material Distribution in Rotors |
| 12.2.2. | ID4 vs Leaf vs Model 3 Rotors |
| 12.2.3. | Magnet Composition for Motors |
| 12.2.4. | Mining of Rare-Earth Metals |
| 12.2.5. | China's Control of Rare-Earths |
| 12.2.6. | Volatility of EV Motor Materials |
| 12.2.7. | The Market Drive to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 12.3. | Rare Earth Reduction and Elimination |
| 12.3.1. | Europe's Move to Magnet Free Designs |
| 12.3.2. | Tesla's Next Generation Motor |
| 12.3.3. | How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (1) |
| 12.3.4. | How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (2) |
| 12.3.5. | How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (3) |
| 12.3.6. | Rare Earth Reduction Progress in Japan |
| 12.3.7. | Alternative Magnetic Materials |
| 12.3.8. | Alternative Magnetic Materials |
| 12.3.9. | Toyota's Neodymium Reduced Magnet |
| 12.3.10. | Volvo Funding Niron for Rare-earth Free Magnets |
| 12.3.11. | PASSENGER Rare Earth Free Magnets |
| 12.3.12. | Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium in Motors |
| 12.3.13. | Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium |
| 12.3.14. | Recycling Rare Earths |
| 12.3.15. | OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 12.4. | Rotor and Stator Windings |
| 12.4.1. | Aluminium vs Copper in Rotors |
| 12.4.2. | Round Wire vs Hairpins for Copper in Stators |
| 12.4.3. | MG Motors (SAIC) |
| 12.4.4. | VW's MEB |
| 12.4.5. | Tesla |
| 12.4.6. | Round vs Hairpin Windings: OEMs |
| 12.4.7. | Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares |
| 12.4.8. | A New Winding Format? |
| 12.4.9. | Aluminum vs Copper Windings |
| 12.4.10. | Compressed Aluminum Windings |
| 12.4.11. | Aluminum Windings: Players |
| 12.4.12. | Motor Materials Environmental Impact and Forecasts |
| 12.4.13. | Environmental Impact Introduction |
| 12.4.14. | Environmental Impact of Materials |
| 12.4.15. | Material Intensity for BEV Motors |
| 12.4.16. | Environmental Impact of Several BEV Motors |
| 12.4.17. | Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 12.4.18. | Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 12.4.19. | Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 13. | THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC MOTORS |
| 13.1.1. | Cooling electric motors |
| 13.2. | Motor cooling strategies |
| 13.2.1. | Air cooling |
| 13.2.2. | Water-glycol cooling |
| 13.2.3. | Oil cooling |
| 13.2.4. | Electric motor thermal management overview |
| 13.2.5. | Motor cooling strategy by power |
| 13.2.6. | Cooling strategy by motor type |
| 13.2.7. | Cooling technology: OEM strategies |
| 13.2.8. | Motor cooling strategy by region |
| 13.2.9. | Motor cooling strategy market share (2015-2022) |
| 13.2.10. | Motor cooling strategy forecast (units) |
| 13.3. | Motor insulation and encapsulation |
| 13.3.1. | Impregnation and encapsulation |
| 13.3.2. | Potting and encapsulation: Players |
| 13.3.3. | Axalta - Motor insulation |
| 13.3.4. | Elantas - insulation systems for 800V motors |
| 13.3.5. | Eaton - nanocomposite PEEK insulation |
| 13.3.6. | Solvay - PEEK insulation |
| 13.3.7. | Insulating Hairpin Windings |
| 14. | EV MOTORS: OEM USE-CASES AND SUPPLY PARTNERSHIPS |
| 14.1. | Allison Transmission - Anadolu Isuzu |
| 14.2. | Aisin Seiki, DENSO and Toyota Motor form BluE Nexus |
| 14.3. | Audi e-tron |
| 14.4. | Audi e-tron |
| 14.5. | Audi Q4 e-tron |
| 14.6. | BMW i3 2016 |
| 14.7. | BMW 5th Gen Drive (Jaguar) |
| 14.8. | BorgWarner Acquires Delphi |
| 14.9. | Bosch - commercial vehicle motors |
| 14.10. | BYD e-Platform 3.0 |
| 14.11. | Chevrolet Bolt Onwards (LG) |
| 14.12. | Lion Electric - Dana |
| 14.13. | Equipmake: spoke geometry |
| 14.14. | FCA and Dana |
| 14.15. | FCA and Delta |
| 14.16. | FCA and Continental |
| 14.17. | Fiat 500 Electric (GKN) |
| 14.18. | Ford Mustang Mach-E (BorgWarner and Magna) |
| 14.19. | Ford and Schaeffler |
| 14.20. | GM Ultium Drive |
| 14.21. | GM Ultium Drive |
| 14.22. | Hitachi, Nissan and Honda |
| 14.23. | Huawei - intelligent oil cooling |
| 14.24. | Hyundai E-GMP (BorgWarner) |
| 14.25. | Hyundai and Vitesco |
| 14.26. | Jaguar I-PACE (AAM) |
| 14.27. | LG Electronics and Magna |
| 14.28. | Lordstown Motors (Elaphe) |
| 14.29. | Lucid Air |
| 14.30. | MAHLE - wound rotor without brushes |
| 14.31. | Mercedes EQ |
| 14.32. | Nidec - Gen.2 drive |
| 14.33. | Nidec: Foxconn Talks |
| 14.34. | Nidec Ni200Ex and Zeekr |
| 14.35. | Nidec ramping production |
| 14.36. | Nissan Leaf |
| 14.37. | Opel/Peugeot and Vitesco |
| 14.38. | Porsche Taycan |
| 14.39. | Rivian |
| 14.40. | SAIC - Oil cooling system |
| 14.41. | Schaeffler - Truck motors |
| 14.42. | Stellantis Shared Platform (Npe) |
| 14.43. | Tesla Induction Motor |
| 14.44. | Tesla PM Motor |
| 14.45. | Tesla's Carbon Wrapped Motor |
| 14.46. | Toyota Prius 2004 to 2010 |
| 14.47. | Vitesco |
| 14.48. | VW ID3/ID4 |
| 14.49. | Yamaha - hypercar electric motor |
| 14.50. | ZF - motor innovations |
| 15. | EV MOTORS: OEM BENCHMARKING |
| 15.1. | Automotive |
| 15.1.1. | BEV Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.1.2. | BEV Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.1.3. | BEV Power and Torque Density Benchmark |
| 15.1.4. | BEV Motor Specification Summary |
| 15.2. | Commercial Vehicles |
| 15.2.1. | Commercial Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.2.2. | Commercial Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.2.3. | Commercial Vehicle Motors Power and Torque Density Benchmark |
| 15.2.4. | Commercial Vehicle Motor Specification Summary |
| 15.3. | Light Duty |
| 15.3.1. | Light Duty Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.3.2. | Light Duty Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.3.3. | Light Duty Vehicle Motor Specification Summary |
| 16. | FORECASTS AND ASSUMPTIONS |
| 16.1. | Forecast Methodology & Assumptions |
| 16.2. | Motor Price Forecast and Assumptions |
| 16.3. | Motor per Vehicle and kW per Vehicle Assumptions |
| 16.4. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, regional) |
| 16.5. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.6. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, motor type) |
| 16.7. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, regional) |
| 16.8. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, drivetrain) |
| 16.9. | Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2034 (US$, drivetrain) |
| 16.10. | Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, vehicle type) |
| 16.11. | LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.12. | Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain & category) |
| 16.13. | Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.14. | Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2034 (units, kW) |
| 16.15. | Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 16.16. | In-wheel Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 16.17. | Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 16.18. | Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 16.19. | Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 16.20. | Motor cooling strategy forecast (units) |
| 16.21. | Total Motors Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (units) |
| 16.22. | Total Motor Power Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (kW) |
| 16.23. | Total Motor Market Size Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 ($ billions) |
| 16.24. | Company Profiles |