| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Introduction |
| 1.2. | Report scope |
| 1.3. | Micro EV types |
| 1.4. | Micro EV characteristics |
| 1.5. | The EV revolution is happening on two wheels |
| 1.6. | Micro EV forecast 2021-2043 (unit sales) |
| 1.7. | Battery chemistry choices |
| 1.8. | Li-ion vs lead-acid micro EVs 2021-2043 (GWh) |
| 1.9. | Micro EV - A $180 billion market opportunity |
| 1.10. | China is the leader of the pack, other countries poised to play catch-up |
| 1.11. | Electric two-wheeler sales growth |
| 1.12. | China's electric two-wheeler market to experience a replacement wave |
| 1.13. | India's electric two-wheeler market will experience the largest growth |
| 1.14. | Electric two-wheeler battery demand 2021-2043 |
| 1.15. | China and India are major three-wheeler markets |
| 1.16. | Electrification is occurring faster in the three-wheeler markets |
| 1.17. | Electric three-wheelers to become a $40 billion market by 2043 |
| 1.18. | Microcars: The goldilocks of urban EVs |
| 1.19. | Over 8 million microcar sales by 2043 |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1.1. | What are micro EVs? |
| 2.1.2. | The cost of congestion |
| 2.1.3. | Micro EVs help relieve congestion |
| 2.1.4. | Local mobility culture |
| 2.1.5. | Regional micro EV preferences |
| 2.1.6. | Micro EV usage models |
| 2.1.7. | Report scope |
| 2.1.8. | Micro EV types |
| 2.1.9. | Micro EV characteristics |
| 2.1.10. | Comparison of micro EV segments |
| 2.1.11. | Micro EVs are sustainable |
| 2.1.12. | Trip typology for 2 and 3 wheelers |
| 2.1.13. | Policies supporting two and three-wheelers |
| 2.2. | Battery chemistries |
| 2.2.1. | Battery chemistry choices |
| 2.2.2. | Battery cost of two-wheelers in China |
| 2.2.3. | Lithium-ion two-wheelers on the rise |
| 2.2.4. | Lithium-based battery family tree |
| 2.2.5. | More than one type of Li-ion battery |
| 2.2.6. | Cathode performance comparison |
| 2.2.7. | The promise of silicon-based anodes |
| 2.2.8. | The reality of silicon |
| 2.2.9. | Silicon: Incremental steps |
| 3. | TWO-WHEELERS |
| 3.1.1. | Two-wheelers vs other electric vehicles |
| 3.1.2. | Two-wheeler popularity in Asia |
| 3.1.3. | Electric two-wheeler classification |
| 3.1.4. | Electric two-wheelers: Power classes |
| 3.1.5. | Two-wheeler terminology |
| 3.1.6. | Electric two-wheeler manufacturers by region |
| 3.1.7. | Global two-wheeler markets snapshot |
| 3.1.8. | Global electric two-wheeler markets snapshot |
| 3.1.9. | Two-wheeler production hubs |
| 3.1.10. | China and India export volumes |
| 3.1.11. | Electric two-wheelers over 4kW |
| 3.1.12. | Electric motorcycle survey |
| 3.1.13. | Electric motorcycle performance |
| 3.1.14. | E-motorcycle specifications |
| 3.1.15. | E-motorcycle benchmarking |
| 3.1.16. | Electrification of motorcycles - Challenges |
| 3.1.17. | Electrification of large motorcycles and licensing |
| 3.1.18. | Charging e-motorcycles in Europe |
| 3.1.19. | Battery swapping consortium |
| 3.1.20. | Gachaco |
| 3.1.21. | Two and three wheeler swapping players |
| 3.2. | India |
| 3.2.1. | India: High pollution and oil dependence |
| 3.2.2. | Mobility trends in India |
| 3.2.3. | Indian two-wheeler market |
| 3.2.4. | Indian two-wheeler exports |
| 3.2.5. | India electric two-wheeler market growth |
| 3.2.6. | Indian electric two-wheeler segments |
| 3.2.7. | High-speed scooter sales in India |
| 3.2.8. | India electric two-wheeler forecast |
| 3.2.9. | Growth drivers of electric two wheelers in India |
| 3.2.10. | Indian electric two-wheeler OEMs |
| 3.2.11. | Hero brand clarity |
| 3.2.12. | Indian electric two-wheeler OEM market shares |
| 3.2.13. | Examples of electric two-wheeler models |
| 3.2.14. | Indian electric two-wheeler benchmarking |
| 3.2.15. | India to localise cell production |
| 3.2.16. | Indian electric scooter fires |
| 3.3. | China |
| 3.3.1. | Car sales and two-wheeler sales in China |
| 3.3.2. | How Chinese two-wheelers are different |
| 3.3.3. | China's electric two-wheeler explosion |
| 3.3.4. | China electric two-wheeler market history |
| 3.3.5. | China's new national standard helps electric two-wheelers set sail again |
| 3.3.6. | China electric two-wheeler forecast |
| 3.3.7. | China electric two-wheeler segmentation (2022) |
| 3.3.8. | Sales by province |
| 3.3.9. | Chinese electric two-wheeler OEM market shares |
| 3.3.10. | Electric motorcycles in China |
| 3.3.11. | Yadea |
| 3.3.12. | Niu |
| 3.3.13. | Chinese electric two-wheeler prices |
| 3.3.14. | Chinese electric two-wheeler industry map |
| 3.4. | Southeast Asia |
| 3.4.1. | ASEAN markets |
| 3.4.2. | Historic sales in Southeast Asia |
| 3.4.3. | Two-wheeler sales in Southeast Asia |
| 3.4.4. | Electric two-wheeler market shares |
| 3.4.5. | ASEAN electric two-wheeler wheeler brands |
| 3.4.6. | ASEAN electric two-wheeler battery types |
| 3.4.7. | Indonesia historic motorcycle sales |
| 3.4.8. | Indonesia electric two-wheeler models |
| 3.4.9. | Indonesia: Electric two-wheeler forecast |
| 3.4.10. | Vietnam - Similar story to China? |
| 3.4.11. | Electric two-wheeler models in Vietnam |
| 3.4.12. | Vietnam electric two-wheeler battery type |
| 3.4.13. | Vietnamese electric two-wheeler OEM market share |
| 3.4.14. | Southeast Asia electric two-wheeler forecast |
| 3.5. | EU and UK |
| 3.5.1. | EU classification of micro EVs |
| 3.5.2. | European two-wheeler classification |
| 3.5.3. | ACEM: EU data source |
| 3.5.4. | Historic electric two-wheeler sales in Europe |
| 3.5.5. | Electric mopeds and motorcycles in Europe |
| 3.5.6. | Electric motorcycle sales in Europe |
| 3.5.7. | Electric moped sales in Europe |
| 3.5.8. | European electric two-wheeler forecast |
| 3.5.9. | Market players in Europe |
| 3.5.10. | L-category vehicles in UK |
| 3.5.11. | Electrification of L-category vehicles in UK |
| 3.5.12. | Triumph TE-1 project |
| 3.5.13. | Kawasaki's transmission for e-motorcycles |
| 3.5.14. | Italy |
| 3.6. | USA |
| 3.6.1. | The US two-wheeler market |
| 3.6.2. | US electric two-wheelers |
| 3.6.3. | Zero-emission motorcycles in the US |
| 3.6.4. | US electric two-wheeler OEM market shares |
| 3.6.5. | Zero motorcycles |
| 3.6.6. | Zero Z-Force powertrain |
| 3.6.7. | US electric two-wheeler forecast |
| 3.7. | Rest of the world |
| 3.7.1. | Taiwan: Historic motorcycle sales |
| 3.7.2. | Gogoro |
| 3.7.3. | Gogoro swap station network |
| 3.7.4. | Gogoro partnerships |
| 3.7.5. | Gogoro expansion plans |
| 3.7.6. | Rest of the world electric two-wheeler forecast |
| 4. | THREE-WHEELERS |
| 4.1.1. | Three-wheeled oddities? |
| 4.1.2. | The role of three-wheelers |
| 4.1.3. | Electric three-wheeler classification |
| 4.1.4. | Three wheeler manufacturers by region |
| 4.1.5. | China and India: Major three-wheeler markets |
| 4.2. | India |
| 4.2.1. | India's three-wheeler market |
| 4.2.2. | Electric three-wheelers in India |
| 4.2.3. | Electrification in the Indian three-wheeler market |
| 4.2.4. | Large unregistered segment |
| 4.2.5. | Electric three wheeler sales |
| 4.2.6. | Indian electric three-wheeler OEMs |
| 4.2.7. | Examples of E3W models |
| 4.2.8. | Indian electric three-wheeler OEM market shares |
| 4.2.9. | Audi three-wheelers? |
| 4.2.10. | Vikram Solar |
| 4.2.11. | India electric three-wheeler forecast |
| 4.2.12. | India electric three-wheeler battery demand |
| 4.3. | China |
| 4.3.1. | China - Kingdom of the tricycle |
| 4.3.2. | Chinese three-wheeler types |
| 4.3.3. | China's three-wheeler market |
| 4.3.4. | Electrification in the Chinese three-wheeler market |
| 4.3.5. | Large number of exports |
| 4.3.6. | Electric cargo three-wheelers in China |
| 4.3.7. | Electric passenger three-wheelers in China |
| 4.3.8. | Chinese three-wheeler manufacturers |
| 4.3.9. | Examples of E3W models |
| 4.3.10. | Chinese three-wheeler OEM market shares |
| 4.3.11. | Chinese three-wheeler characteristics |
| 4.3.12. | Lead-acid vs lithium-ion |
| 4.3.13. | China regulating electric-three wheelers |
| 4.3.14. | Policies in China's three-wheeler market |
| 4.3.15. | Componentry for three-wheelers |
| 4.3.16. | China electric three-wheeler forecast |
| 4.3.17. | China electric three-wheeler battery demand |
| 4.4. | Rest of the world |
| 4.4.1. | Three wheelers outside China and India |
| 4.4.2. | Three-wheeler classification in USA and Europe |
| 4.4.3. | Privately owned three-wheeler specifications |
| 4.4.4. | Arcimoto: Electric three-wheeler |
| 4.4.5. | Arcimoto three-wheeler platform |
| 4.4.6. | Arcimoto production and financials |
| 4.4.7. | Electrameccanica: Electric three-wheeler |
| 4.4.8. | Carver: Electric three-wheeler |
| 4.4.9. | Electric three-wheelers in Southeast Asia |
| 5. | MICROCARS |
| 5.1.1. | The problem |
| 5.1.2. | Microcars: The goldilocks of urban EVs |
| 5.1.3. | What is a microcar? |
| 5.1.4. | The resurgence of microcars? |
| 5.1.5. | The role of microcars |
| 5.1.6. | Other applications of microcars |
| 5.1.7. | Average daily driving distance |
| 5.1.8. | Average range of microcars |
| 5.1.9. | Average urban speeds |
| 5.1.10. | Average battery capacities of microcars |
| 5.1.11. | Average motor power of microcars |
| 5.1.12. | Microcar characteristics |
| 5.1.13. | Microcar benefits |
| 5.1.14. | Concerns around microcars |
| 5.1.15. | Carsharing schemes |
| 5.1.16. | Price of microcar sharing |
| 5.1.17. | Rightsizing the footprint |
| 5.1.18. | Autonomous microcars in the future? |
| 5.1.19. | Honda self-driving microcars |
| 5.2. | Microcars by region |
| 5.2.1. | Variants of microcars |
| 5.2.2. | Microcar classification by region |
| 5.2.3. | Examples of microcars by region |
| 5.2.4. | US Low-Speed Vehicle (LSV) |
| 5.2.5. | Europe quadricycle category |
| 5.2.6. | Historic electric quadricycle sales in EU |
| 5.2.7. | Unregistered low speed EVs in China |
| 5.2.8. | Banning unregistered low speed EVs |
| 5.2.9. | China A00 category |
| 5.2.10. | A00 segment is almost entirely electric |
| 5.2.11. | China A00 sales by model |
| 5.3. | Microcar models |
| 5.3.1. | Hongguang Mini EV |
| 5.3.2. | Citroen Ami |
| 5.3.3. | Renault Twizy |
| 5.3.4. | Renault Mobilize - The new Twizy? |
| 5.3.5. | Polaris GEM e2 |
| 5.3.6. | Polaris GEM battery & charging options |
| 5.3.7. | Microlino |
| 5.3.8. | Estrima Biro |
| 5.3.9. | Italcar |
| 5.3.10. | CEVO C-SE |
| 5.3.11. | Eli Zero |
| 5.3.12. | Zhidou |
| 5.3.13. | Triggo |
| 5.4. | Microcars at EVS35 |
| 6. | FORECASTS |
| 6.1. | Forecast assumptions |
| 6.2. | Forecast methodology |
| 6.3. | Pricing and battery information by region |
| 6.4. | Electric two-wheeler unit sales by power class 2021-2043 (millions) |
| 6.5. | Electric two-wheeler unit sales by region 2021-2043 (millions) |
| 6.6. | Electric two-wheeler battery demand by battery type 2021-2043 (GWh) |
| 6.7. | Electric two-wheeler battery demand by region 2021-2043 (GWh) |
| 6.8. | Electric two-wheeler market value by power class 2021-2043 ($ billion) |
| 6.9. | Electric two-wheeler market value by region 2021-2043 ($ billion) |
| 6.10. | Electric three-wheeler unit sales by power class 2021-2043 (millions) |
| 6.11. | Electric three-wheeler unit sales by region 2021-2043 (millions) |
| 6.12. | Electric three-wheeler battery demand by battery type 2021-2043 (GWh) |
| 6.13. | Electric three-wheeler market value by region 2021-2043 ($ billions) |
| 6.14. | Electric microcar unit sales by region 2021-2043 (millions) |
| 6.15. | Electric microcar battery demand by region 2021-2043 (GWh) |
| 6.16. | Electric microcar market value by region 2021-2043 ($ billion) |