6G市場 2023-2043年: 技術、トレンド、予測、有力企業

（詳細は目次のページでご確認ください）

● 全体概要

● 6Gイントロダクション

● 5つの主要地域（中国、米国、EU、日本と韓国）の6G開発ロードマップ

● 6G業界の主要な活動/重要な発表（エリクソン、ノキア、サムスン、ファーウェイ、アップル、NTTドコモ）

● 6Gデバイスの技術トレンド

● 6G無線システム分析

● 6G無線消費電力分析

● 6G向け半導体

□シリコン系半導体: CMOS、SOI、SiGe

□ GaAsとGaN

□ InP

□ THz通信向け半導体サマリー

● 6G向け位相配列モジュール

● 最新式Dバンド（110～175 GHz）位相配列モジュール例

● 6G向けパッケージング・トレンド

● mmWaveとTHz向け低誘電損失材料

● 6Gセルフリー・マッシブMIMO

● 6G非地上系ネットワーク（NTN）: HAPS、LEO、GEO

● 異種スマート電磁（EM）環境

● 再構成可能インテリジェント・サーフェス（RIS）

● メタマテリアル

● モバイル通信以外の6G使用事例

● 市場予測

● 企業概要

 

● 主要５地域（米国、EU、中国、日本、韓国）と主要有力企業（エリクソン、ノキア、サムスン、ファーウェイ、アップル、NTTドコモ）の6G開発と動向

□ 主要地域の6G開発動向と将来のロードマップの詳細概要（政策、資金調達、業務提携関係を含む）

□ 主要有力企業の業務提携、関係プロジェクト、ロードマップ、技術等を含む6G動向の詳細概要

● 6G技術トレンド

□ 6G無線システム分析 - 長短期技術目標、主要技術要件、主な課題、潜在的ソリューションを含む6G無線開発の包括的概要

□ 6G消費電力分析　- 6G無線の電力消費の主な課題と定量的分析

□ THz通信向け半導体技術 　‐ シリコン系半導体（CMOS、SOI、SiGe）、GaAsとGaN、InP。技術ベンチマーク比較、最新開発動向、最新式デバイス、残っている課題、有力企業エコシステム

□ 6G向け位相配列モジュールデザイン

□ 最新式Dバンド（110～175 GHz）位相配列モジュール例 -ノキア、サムスンを含む主要企業やUCSB（カリフォルニア大学サンタバーバラ校）、スタンフォード大学などの学術機関からの最新式Dバンド位相配列モジュール

□ 6G向けパッケージング・トレンド - 6Gの異種パッケージングとアンテナ・パッケージング・トレンドの包括的概要

□ 技術ベンチマーク比較、研究技術展望、対象とする材料の徹底検証、包括的概要、事例を含むmmWaveとTHz向け低誘電損失材料

□ セルフリー・マッシブMIMO（技術ベンチマーク比較、包括的概要を含む）

□ メタマテリアル（包括的概要、複数用途例、製造手法ベンチマーク比較、SWOT分析、有力企業展望を含む）

● 再構成可能インテリジェント・サーフェス（RIS）（包括的概要、ハードウェア・ベンチマーク比較、RIS用メタマテリアル、用途事例検証などを含む）

● 非地上系ネットワーク（NTN）（包括的概要、異なるタイプのNTN技術の技術ベンチマーク比較、使用事例、重要な発表とロードマップを含む）

● モバイル通信以外の6G使用事例（センシングやイメージング用途を念頭にした包括的概要）

● 市場予測:

□ 6G基地局の20年間市場予測

□ 5G基地局（マイクロセルとスモールセルを含む）の10年間市場予測（周波数（サブ6とmmWave）別分類）

□ 20年間再構成可能インテリジェント・サーフェス（RIS）予測（3つのタイプのRIS（アクティブRIS、セミパッシブRISとパッシブRIS）別分類）

 

5G mmWave is yet to take off, however, the 6G research already started long ago. But what is 6G exactly?

 

Let's start from the most basic level - the frequency band. In 5G, we know that the sub-6 GHz (3.5-6 GHz) and millimetre wave (mmWave, 24-100 GHz) bands are the two new bands among the spectrum covered. In 6G, the frequency ranges under consideration include 7 to 20 GHz frequency band, W-band (above 75-110 GHz), D-band (110 GHz to 175 GHz), bands between 275 GHz and 300 GHz, and in the THz range (0.3-10 THz). The bands between 7 and 20 GHz are taken into consideration because of the need for coverage that will enable mobile and "on the go" applications for numerous 6G use cases. The W and D bands are of interest for both 6G access and Xhaul (e.g. fronthaul, backhaul) networks. A solution that meets the objectives of both services is to be considered. As of September 2022, worldwide spectrum allocations do not go beyond 275 GHz; nevertheless, frequency bands in the range 275-450 GHz have been identified for the implementation of land mobile and fixed service applications, as well as radio astronomy and Earth exploration-satellite service, and space research service in the range 275-1,000 GHz.

 

An overview of 6G spectrum deployment strategy is shown in the figure below. Note that even though by definition the THz band runs from 300 GHz to 10 THz, telecom professionals have found it simpler to classify beyond-100 GHz applications as THz communications.

 

 

 

By exploiting the large bandwidth in THz frequency band, 6G is expected to enable 1 Tbps data rate. However, this rate is very challenging to achieve as a large continuous bandwidth is required but in reality, bandwidths that are available for use are limited and split over different bands. Another aspect is that spectral efficiency makes a direct trade-off with the required Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for detection. The higher the required SNR, the shorter the respective range becomes due to transmitted power limitations at high frequencies as well as added noise. As an example, Samsung's state-of-the-art D-band phase array transmitter prototype currently demonstrates the furthest travel distance of 120m but only achieving 2.3 Gbps. Other groups show higher data rate, but the over-the-air travel distance is only at centimetre level.

 

To further improve link range as well as enhance data rate, several requirements are needed to be considered when designing a 6G radio. For example, selecting appropriate semiconductors to boost link range is critical; as is picking low-loss materials with a small dielectric constant and tan loss to prevent substantial transmission loss. To further reduce transmission loss, a new packaging strategy that tightly integrates RF components with antennas is required. However, one must remember that as devices get increasingly compact, power and thermal management become even more critical.

 

In addition to device design, network deployment strategy is also a crucial area to research in order to address NLOS and power consumption challenges. Establishing a heterogeneous smart electromagnetic (EM) environment, for example, is being investigated utilising a wide range of technologies, such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) or repeaters.

 

One significant change of 6G to previous communication generations is that it will now include non-terrestrial networks, which is a key development that enables conventional 2D network architectures to function in 3D space. Low Altitude Platforms (LAPs), High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and satellites are examples of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). We saw China send the world's first 6G satellite in November 2020. In 2022, Huawei tested the NTN 6G networks using LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites. More and more activities in this area show that NTN networks will be a key development trend.

 

Communications aside, 6G is expected to tap into the world of sensing, imaging, wireless cognition, and precise positioning. In 2021, Apple patented its THz sensor technology for gas sensing and imaging in iDevice. Huawei also tested several Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) prototypes. Many more studies and trials are underway to fully leverage the potential of 6G THz frequency bands.

 

To learn more about 6G's technology, applications, market, please read IDTechEx's 6G market research report. "6G Market 2023-2043: Technology, Trends, Forecasts, Players". This 6G report is built on our expertise, covering the latest 6G technology development trends, key applications, player activities, and market outlook, aiming to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of 6G technology and market.

 

This report includes a comprehensive review of the technology, players, use case studies, and market for 6G.

 

1. 6G development and activities,

a. by five key regions (US, EU, China, Japan, South Korea

b. by key players (Ericsson, Nokia, Samsung, Huawei, Apple, NTT DOCOMO)

2. 6G Technology trends

a. 6G Radio system analysis

b. 6G Power consumption analysis

c. Semiconductor technologies for THz communication:

i. Si-based semiconductor (CMOS, SOI, SiGe),

ii. GaAs and GaN,

iii. InP

d. Phase array module design for 6G

e. Examples of state-of-the-art D-band (110 - 175 GHz) phase array modules

f. Packaging trend for 6G

g. Low-loss materials for mmWave and THz

h. Metamaterials

3. Network deployment strategy

a. Cell-free massive MIMO

b. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)

c. Non-terrestrial networks (NTN)

4. 6G use cases beyond mobile communication

a. Sensing

b. Imaging

c. Wireless cognition

5. Market Forecasts:

a. 6G base stations.

b. 5G base stations segmented by frequency (sub-6 vs mmWave)

c. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) forecast, segmented by three types of RIS (Active RIS, Semi-passive RIS, and Passive RIS)

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