| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | Trends in the Li-ion market | 
| 1.2. | Li-ion value chain | 
| 1.3. | Li-ion market - regional overview | 
| 1.4. | Li-ion market players | 
| 1.5. | Cell capacity expansions outlook | 
| 1.6. | Li-ion graphite anode market overview | 
| 1.7. | Cathode market overview | 
| 1.8. | Cathode production capacity outlook | 
| 1.9. | Key technology developments | 
| 1.10. | Li-ion timeline - technology and performance | 
| 1.11. | Li-ion timeline commentary | 
| 1.12. | Are there alternatives to Li-ion? | 
| 1.13. | Battery technology readiness level snapshot | 
| 1.14. | Impact of material price volatility | 
| 1.15. | Raw material uncertainty | 
| 1.16. | Policy and the Li-ion battery market | 
| 1.17. | Electric vehicle policy | 
| 1.18. | Impact of EV policy | 
| 1.19. | Li-ion anode forecast, GWh | 
| 1.20. | Cathode outlook | 
| 1.21. | Li-ion forecast overview (GWh, $B) | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION | 
| 2.1. | Importance of Li-ion | 
| 2.2. | What is a Li-ion battery? | 
| 2.3. | Lithium battery chemistries | 
| 2.4. | Types of lithium battery | 
| 2.5. | Why lithium? | 
| 2.6. | Primary lithium batteries | 
| 2.7. | Ragone plots | 
| 2.8. | More than one type of Li-ion battery | 
| 2.9. | Commercial anodes - graphite | 
| 2.10. | The battery trilemma | 
| 2.11. | Battery wish list | 
| 2.12. | Why can't you just fast charge? | 
| 2.13. | Rate limiting factors at the material level | 
| 2.14. | Fast charge design hierarchy | 
| 2.15. | Electrochemistry definitions 1 | 
| 2.16. | Electrochemistry definitions 2 | 
| 2.17. | Useful charts for performance comparison | 
| 3. | ANODES | 
| 3.1. | Overview | 
| 3.1.1. | Anode materials | 
| 3.1.2. | Introduction to graphite | 
| 3.1.3. | Natural graphite for LIBs | 
| 3.1.4. | Coated spherical purified graphite (CSPG) | 
| 3.1.5. | Synthetic/artificial graphite production | 
| 3.1.6. | Natural or synthetic graphite in Li-ion batteries? | 
| 3.1.7. | Synthetic/artificial vs natural graphite | 
| 3.1.8. | Impact of graphite choice on cost | 
| 3.1.9. | Performance of synthetic and natural graphite | 
| 3.1.10. | Synthetic vs natural graphite overview | 
| 3.1.11. | Synthetic vs natural graphite conclusions | 
| 3.1.12. | Artificial/synthetic and natural graphite market split | 
| 3.1.13. | Graphite outlook | 
| 3.1.14. | Suppliers of active graphite material | 
| 3.1.15. | Graphite anode market shares | 
| 3.1.16. | Graphite anode market concentration | 
| 3.1.17. | Geographic breakdown of graphite anode suppliers | 
| 3.1.18. | Expansions in graphite production | 
| 3.1.19. | New entrants in graphite anodes | 
| 3.2. | Silicon | 
| 3.2.1. | The promise of silicon | 
| 3.2.2. | Value proposition of high silicon content anodes | 
| 3.2.3. | The reality of silicon | 
| 3.2.4. | Alloy anode materials | 
| 3.2.5. | Comparing silicon - a high-level overview | 
| 3.2.6. | How much can silicon improve energy density? | 
| 3.2.7. | Cost reductions from silicon | 
| 3.2.8. | Current silicon use | 
| 3.2.9. | Silicon use in EVs | 
| 3.2.10. | Silicon and LFP | 
| 3.2.11. | Commercial silicon anode production | 
| 3.2.12. | Commercial silicon anode production | 
| 3.2.13. | Commercial silicon anodes | 
| 3.2.14. | Commercial silicon anodes | 
| 3.2.15. | Will silicon content increase steadily? | 
| 3.2.16. | Start-ups developing silicon anode solutions | 
| 3.2.17. | Regional Si-anode activity | 
| 3.2.18. | Money in silicon anode start-ups | 
| 3.2.19. | Silicon anode value chain | 
| 3.2.20. | Li-ion anode forecast, GWh | 
| 4. | CATHODES | 
| 4.1. | Cathode technology | 
| 4.1.1. | Cathode recap | 
| 4.1.2. | Cathode materials - LCO and LFP | 
| 4.1.3. | Cathode materials - NMC, NCA and LMO | 
| 4.1.4. | Cathode performance comparison | 
| 4.1.5. | Understanding layered oxide cathodes | 
| 4.1.6. | Why LCO for consumer devices? | 
| 4.1.7. | Cathode powder synthesis (NMC) | 
| 4.1.8. | Cathode development | 
| 4.1.9. | Complexity of cathode chemistry | 
| 4.1.10. | NMC development - from 111 to 811 | 
| 4.1.11. | Cathode materials - NCA | 
| 4.1.12. | Stabilising high-nickel NMC | 
| 4.1.13. | Cathode concentration gradient | 
| 4.1.14. | Protective coatings | 
| 4.1.15. | High nickel cathode stabilisation | 
| 4.1.16. | Protective coatings | 
| 4.1.17. | Single crystal NCA cathode | 
| 4.1.18. | LFP vs NMC | 
| 4.1.19. | LMFP cathodes | 
| 4.1.20. | LMFP commercialisation | 
| 4.1.21. | Future cathode possibilities | 
| 4.1.22. | High manganese cathodes | 
| 4.1.23. | NCMA | 
| 4.1.24. | Beyond metal percentages | 
| 4.1.25. | Manganese rich cathodes | 
| 4.1.26. | High-Ni, High-Mn cathodes | 
| 4.1.27. | High voltage cathodes - LNMO | 
| 4.1.28. | Future cathode prospects | 
| 4.1.29. | Future NMC/NCM - Umicore | 
| 4.1.30. | Patent litigation over NMC/NCM - Umicore vs. BASF | 
| 4.1.31. | Patent litigation over NMC/NCM - Umicore vs. BASF | 
| 4.1.32. | LFP IP | 
| 4.1.33. | Cathode comparisons - overview | 
| 4.1.34. | Players developing next-gen cathodes | 
| 4.1.35. | Cathode performance comparison | 
| 4.1.36. | Chemistry energy density comparison | 
| 4.1.37. | Comparing commercial cell chemistries | 
| 4.1.38. | Impact of material price volatility | 
| 4.1.39. | Impact of material price | 
| 4.1.40. | Impact of lithium price increase on cell material cost | 
| 4.1.41. | Cathode cost breakdown | 
| 4.1.42. | Cathode price fluctuations | 
| 4.1.43. | Cathode cost trend analysis | 
| 4.1.44. | Cathode outlook - which chemistries will be used? 1 | 
| 4.1.45. | Cathode outlook - which chemistries will be used? 2 | 
| 4.1.46. | Cathode suitability | 
| 4.1.47. | LFP adoption in electric vehicles | 
| 4.2. | Cathode market and forecasts | 
| 4.2.1. | Cathode market overview | 
| 4.2.2. | Cathode player manufacturing capacities | 
| 4.2.3. | Cathode manufacturer market share | 
| 4.2.4. | Geographical control of cathode production | 
| 4.2.5. | Geographical breakdown of cathode production | 
| 4.2.6. | Geographical breakdown of cathode capacity | 
| 4.2.7. | Chemistry production spread | 
| 4.2.8. | LFP cathode production dominated by China | 
| 4.2.9. | New entrants | 
| 4.2.10. | Future production capacity outlook | 
| 4.2.11. | Future production capacity outlook by chemistry | 
| 4.2.12. | Future cathode production capacity outlook by chemistry | 
| 4.2.13. | Cathode shares in battery electric cars | 
| 4.2.14. | BEV market by cathode | 
| 4.2.15. | BEV cathode share by region | 
| 4.2.16. | Global cathode market share trend | 
| 4.2.17. | Cathode outlook | 
| 4.2.18. | Cathode outlook - annotated | 
| 4.2.19. | Li-ion electronics market by cathode, GWh | 
| 4.2.20. | Li-ion market by cathode, GWh | 
| 5. | INACTIVE MATERIALS | 
| 5.1. | Binders and conductive additives | 
| 5.1.1. | Binders | 
| 5.1.2. | Binders - aqueous vs non-aqueous | 
| 5.1.3. | Conductive agents | 
| 5.1.4. | Results showing impact of CNT use in Li-ion electrodes | 
| 5.1.5. | Improved performance at higher C-rate | 
| 5.1.6. | Thicker electrodes enabled by CNT mechanical performance | 
| 5.1.7. | Significance of dispersion in energy storage | 
| 5.1.8. | Production capacity of CNTs globally | 
| 5.1.9. | Introduction to Li-ion electrolytes | 
| 5.1.10. | Electrolyte decomposition | 
| 5.1.11. | Electrolyte additives 1 | 
| 5.1.12. | Electrolyte additives 2 | 
| 5.1.13. | Electrolyte additives 3 | 
| 5.1.14. | Developments for the "million mile" battery | 
| 5.1.15. | Electrolyte patent topic comparisons - key battery players | 
| 5.1.16. | Electrolyte patent topic comparisons - key electrolyte players | 
| 5.1.17. | Electrolyte technology overview | 
| 5.1.18. | Electrolyte value chain | 
| 5.1.19. | Electrolyte manufacturers | 
| 5.1.20. | Electrolyte market | 
| 5.1.21. | Electrolyte market by region | 
| 5.1.22. | Electrolyte suppliers | 
| 5.2. | Separators | 
| 5.2.1. | Introduction to Separators | 
| 5.2.2. | Separator manufacturing | 
| 5.2.3. | Polyolefin separators | 
| 5.2.4. | Wet and dry separators | 
| 5.2.5. | Dry and wet separators and specifications | 
| 5.2.6. | Product specification examples | 
| 5.2.7. | Separator coatings | 
| 5.2.8. | Innovation in separators | 
| 5.2.9. | Innovation in separators | 
| 5.2.10. | Li-ion separator market | 
| 5.2.11. | Key separator players | 
| 5.2.12. | Separator market by region | 
| 5.2.13. | Future separator production capacity | 
| 5.3. | Solid electrolytes | 
| 5.3.1. | What is a solid-state battery? | 
| 5.3.2. | Drivers for solid-state and silicon | 
| 5.3.3. | Solid-state electrolytes | 
| 5.3.4. | Partnerships and investors - solid-state and silicon | 
| 5.3.5. | Potential disruptors to conventional Li-ion | 
| 5.3.6. | Cell chemistry comparison - quantitative | 
| 5.4. | Current collectors | 
| 5.4.1. | Where are the current collectors in a Li-ion battery cell? | 
| 5.4.2. | Current collector materials | 
| 5.4.3. | Copper foil production | 
| 5.4.4. | Current collectors | 
| 5.4.5. | Decreasing foil thickness | 
| 5.4.6. | Trends in copper foil thickness | 
| 5.4.7. | Mesh current collectors | 
| 5.4.8. | Perforated foils | 
| 5.4.9. | Plastic current collectors | 
| 5.4.10. | Key copper foil manufacturers | 
| 5.4.11. | Li-ion copper foil market | 
| 6. | CELL MANUFACTURING | 
| 6.1. | Overview | 
| 6.1.1. | Cell production outline | 
| 6.1.2. | Power demand of LIB production | 
| 6.1.3. | Cell production | 
| 6.1.4. | The need for a dry room | 
| 6.1.5. | Electrode slurry mixing | 
| 6.1.6. | Dry-electrode processing | 
| 6.1.7. | Benefits of dry electrode manufacturing | 
| 6.1.8. | Dry vs aqueous electrode manufacturing | 
| 6.1.9. | Formation cycling | 
| 6.1.10. | Areas for improvement in cell production | 
| 6.1.11. | How will cell manufacturing start-ups compete? | 
| 6.2. | Cell manufacturers and expansions | 
| 6.2.1. | Cell manufacturer capacity | 
| 6.2.2. | Large players dominate cell production | 
| 6.2.3. | Battery manufacturer splits | 
| 6.2.4. | Electric car (BEV + PHEV) market by battery manufacturer | 
| 6.2.5. | Electric car battery (BEV + PHEV) manufacturer shares | 
| 6.2.6. | Electric car battery manufacturer market | 
| 6.2.7. | Electric car (BEV + PHEV) battery manufacturer market by region | 
| 6.2.8. | Electric car battery manufacturer market by region | 
| 6.2.9. | How long to build a Gigafactory? | 
| 6.2.10. | How much to build a Gigafactory? | 
| 6.2.11. | Gigafactory expansions | 
| 6.2.12. | Gigafactory expansion plans | 
| 6.2.13. | Cell capacity expansions - Europe | 
| 6.2.14. | Cell capacity expansion - North America | 
| 6.2.15. | Cell capacity expansion - Asia | 
| 6.2.16. | Cell capacity expansions outlook | 
| 6.2.17. | Cell production capacity-demand balances | 
| 6.2.18. | Cell capacity expansions data | 
| 7. | COST ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS | 
| 7.1. | Commodity price volatility | 
| 7.2. | Impact of material price | 
| 7.3. | Cell cost analysis | 
| 7.4. | Cost breakdown | 
| 7.5. | How low can cell costs go? | 
| 7.6. | Historic average cell price | 
| 7.7. | Historic energy storage cost reduction | 
| 7.8. | LIB cell price forecast methodology | 
| 7.9. | Cell price forecast | 
| 7.10. | BEV car pack price | 
| 8. | MODULES AND PACKS | 
| 8.1. | Commercial battery packaging technologies | 
| 8.2. | Automotive format choices | 
| 8.3. | Comparison of commercial cell formats | 
| 8.4. | 4680 cylindrical cells | 
| 8.5. | Li-ion Batteries: From Cell to Pack | 
| 8.6. | Pack design | 
| 8.7. | Battery KPIs for EVs | 
| 8.8. | Henkel's Battery Pack Materials | 
| 8.9. | DuPont's Battery Pack Materials | 
| 8.10. | Lightweighting Battery Enclosures | 
| 8.11. | Lightweighting - Voltabox expanded plastic foam | 
| 8.12. | Latest Composite Battery Enclosures | 
| 8.13. | Towards Composite Enclosures? | 
| 8.14. | Continental Structural Plastics - Honeycomb Technology | 
| 8.15. | Battery Enclosure Materials Summary | 
| 8.16. | Modular pack designs | 
| 8.17. | Ultium BMS | 
| 8.18. | BYD Blade battery | 
| 8.19. | BYD battery design | 
| 8.20. | CATL Cell to Pack | 
| 8.21. | Module and pack manufacturing process | 
| 8.22. | Non-car battery pack manufacturing | 
| 8.23. | Differences in design | 
| 8.24. | Battery pack comparison | 
| 8.25. | Battery module/pack comparison | 
| 9. | APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS | 
| 9.1. | Power range for electronic and electrical devices | 
| 9.2. | Application battery priorities | 
| 9.3. | Electric Vehicle Terms | 
| 9.4. | COP 26 transport targets | 
| 9.5. | Battery electric cars | 
| 9.6. | Hybrid electric vehicles | 
| 9.7. | Passenger Car Market | 
| 9.8. | Notable players for solid-state EV battery technology | 
| 9.9. | Notable players for silicon EV battery technology | 
| 9.10. | Solid-state and silicon timeline | 
| 9.11. | Other Vehicle Categories | 
| 9.12. | Electric Buses: Market History | 
| 9.13. | Electric light commercial vehicles | 
| 9.14. | Electric medium and heavy duty trucks | 
| 9.15. | Two- and three-wheelers | 
| 9.16. | Electronic devices - key applications | 
| 9.17. | Consumer electronics | 
| 9.18. | Power tools and appliances | 
| 9.19. | Consumer electronics - battery to device price ratios | 
| 9.20. | Stationary storage | 
| 10. | FORECASTS | 
| 10.1. | Li-ion forecast, by application (GWh) | 
| 10.2. | Li-ion forecast, by application, tables | 
| 10.3. | Li-ion forecast, $ billion | 
| 10.4. | Li-ion forecasts, by application (GWh) | 
| 10.5. | Li-ion BEV forecast by cathode (GWh) | 
| 10.6. | Li-ion forecast, electric vehicles (GWh) | 
| 10.7. | Li-ion forecasts, electronics (GWh) | 
| 10.8. | Li-ion market by cathode, GWh | 
| 10.9. | Cathode outlook | 
| 10.10. | Li-ion anode forecast, GWh | 
| 11. | COMPANY PROFILES | 
| 11.1. | CATL | 
| 11.2. | LG Energy Solution | 
| 11.3. | EcoPro BM | 
| 11.4. | Posco Chemical | 
| 11.5. | Tinci Materials | 
| 11.6. | SK Innovation (SK On) | 
| 11.7. | Nano One Materials | 
| 11.8. | Group14 Technologies | 
| 11.9. | Toshiba (LTO Batteries) | 
| 11.10. | Birla Carbon | 
| 11.11. | CENS Materials |