| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | Why adopt 3D printing? | 
| 1.2. | Benchmarking study overview: polymer 3D printing technologies | 
| 1.3. | IDTechEx's segmentation of polymer 3D printing materials | 
| 1.4. | Benchmarking study: polymer feedstock for 3D printing | 
| 1.5. | Overview of post-processing techniques for polymer additive manufacturing | 
| 1.6. | End-use industry overview for polymer additive manufacturing | 
| 1.7. | Polymer 3D printing private funding in 2021 by company type and material type | 
| 1.8. | 3D printing hardware historic revenue growth | 
| 1.9. | Hardware market share for printing processes by company | 
| 1.10. | Polymer 3D printing technology segmentation | 
| 1.11. | Current market share of polymer AM materials demand - revenue and mass | 
| 1.12. | Polymer 3D printing market forecast 2023-2033 | 
| 1.13. | 3D printing install base by technology | 
| 1.14. | Polymer 3D printing technology market share in 2033 | 
| 1.15. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue and mass | 
| 1.16. | Polymer materials forecast by feedstock - discussion | 
| 1.17. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology - revenue and mass | 
| 1.18. | Polymer materials forecast by technology - discussion | 
| 1.19. | Key trends for polymer 3D printing materials | 
| 1.20. | Conclusions | 
| 1.21. | Company profiles | 
| 1.22. | 3D printing research at IDTechEx | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION | 
| 2.1. | Glossary: common acronyms for reference | 
| 2.2. | Scope of report | 
| 2.3. | The different types of 3D printing processes | 
| 2.4. | Material compatibility across 3D printing technologies | 
| 2.5. | Why adopt 3D printing? | 
| 2.6. | History of 3D printing: the rise of the hobbyist | 
| 2.7. | Business models: selling printers vs parts | 
| 2.8. | Consumer vs prosumer vs professional | 
| 2.9. | Use patterns and market segmentation | 
| 2.10. | Drivers and restraints of growth for 3D printing | 
| 3. | POLYMER HARDWARE | 
| 3.1. | Polymer 3D printing technologies | 
| 3.1.1. | Extrusion: thermoplastic filament | 
| 3.1.2. | Extrusion: thermoplastic pellet | 
| 3.1.3. | Powder bed fusion: selective laser sintering (SLS) | 
| 3.1.4. | Powder bed fusion: multi-jet fusion (MJF) | 
| 3.1.5. | Vat photopolymerization: stereolithography (SLA) | 
| 3.1.6. | Vat photopolymerization: digital light processing (DLP) | 
| 3.1.7. | Material jetting: photopolymer | 
| 3.2. | Emerging polymer 3D printing technologies | 
| 3.2.1. | Introduction to emerging polymer 3D printing technologies | 
| 3.2.2. | Vat photopolymerization: projection micro-stereolithography (PµSL) | 
| 3.2.3. | Vat photopolymerization: two photon polymerization (2PP) | 
| 3.2.4. | Extrusion: thermoset | 
| 3.2.5. | Selective thermoplastic electrophotographic process (STEP) | 
| 3.2.6. | Vat photopolymerization: hybrid photosynthesis | 
| 3.2.7. | Vat photopolymerization: hot lithography | 
| 3.2.8. | High speed material jetting | 
| 3.2.9. | Multi-material jetting | 
| 3.2.10. | Viscous lithography manufacturing (VLM) | 
| 3.2.11. | High speed vat photopolymerization | 
| 3.2.12. | Volumetric additive manufacturing | 
| 3.2.13. | Volumetric AM - xolography, tomographic 3D printing, computed axial lithography | 
| 3.2.14. | Extrusion: high temperature thermoplastic filament | 
| 3.2.15. | Extrusion: pressure-controlled | 
| 3.3. | Polymer printer benchmarking | 
| 3.3.1. | Overview of polymer 3D printing technologies | 
| 3.3.2. | Benchmarking: maximum build volume | 
| 3.3.3. | Benchmarking: build rate | 
| 3.3.4. | Benchmarking: Z resolution | 
| 3.3.5. | Benchmarking: XY resolution | 
| 3.3.6. | Benchmarking: price vs build volume | 
| 3.3.7. | Benchmarking: price vs build rate | 
| 3.3.8. | Benchmarking: price vs Z resolution | 
| 3.3.9. | Benchmarking: build rate vs build volume | 
| 3.3.10. | Benchmarking: build rate vs Z resolution | 
| 3.3.11. | Comparison study: polymer 3D printing technologies overview | 
| 4. | PHOTOPOLYMER RESINS | 
| 4.1. | Introduction to photopolymer resins | 
| 4.2. | Chemistry of photopolymer resins | 
| 4.3. | Resins - advantages and disadvantages | 
| 4.4. | General purpose resins - overview | 
| 4.5. | General purpose resins - applications | 
| 4.6. | Engineering resins - overview | 
| 4.7. | Engineering resins - applications | 
| 4.8. | Flexible resins - overview | 
| 4.9. | Flexible resins - applications | 
| 4.10. | Flexible resins - footwear | 
| 4.11. | Castable resins - overview | 
| 4.12. | Castable resins - applications | 
| 4.13. | Healthcare resins - overview | 
| 4.14. | Healthcare resins - applications | 
| 4.15. | Extrusion resins - overview | 
| 4.16. | Extrusion resins - applications | 
| 4.17. | Viscous photosensitive resins | 
| 4.18. | Photosensitive resin suppliers | 
| 5. | THERMOPLASTIC POWDERS | 
| 5.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic powders | 
| 5.2. | Engineering (nylon) powder - overview | 
| 5.3. | Engineering (nylon) powder - applications | 
| 5.4. | Flexible powder - overview | 
| 5.5. | Flexible powder - applications | 
| 5.6. | Composite powder - overview | 
| 5.7. | Composite powder - applications | 
| 5.8. | High temperature powder - overview | 
| 5.9. | High temperature powder - applications | 
| 5.10. | Engineering (other) powder - overview | 
| 5.11. | Engineering (other) powder - applications | 
| 5.12. | Thermoplastic powders: post-processing | 
| 5.13. | Thermoplastic powder suppliers | 
| 6. | THERMOPLASTIC FILAMENTS | 
| 6.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic filaments | 
| 6.2. | General purpose filaments - overview | 
| 6.3. | General purpose filaments - applications | 
| 6.4. | Engineering filaments - overview | 
| 6.5. | Engineering filaments - applications | 
| 6.6. | Flexible filaments - overview | 
| 6.7. | Flexible filaments - applications | 
| 6.8. | Reinforced filaments - overview | 
| 6.9. | Reinforced filaments - applications | 
| 6.10. | High temperature filaments - overview | 
| 6.11. | High temperature filaments - applications | 
| 6.12. | Support filaments - overview | 
| 6.13. | Breakaway vs soluble supports: SWOT analysis | 
| 6.14. | High temp thermoplastic support materials | 
| 6.15. | Fillers for thermoplastic filaments | 
| 6.16. | Thermoplastic filament suppliers | 
| 6.17. | Procurement of thermoplastic filaments | 
| 7. | THERMOPLASTIC PELLETS | 
| 7.1. | What is pellet 3D printing? | 
| 7.2. | Filament extrusion vs pellet extrusion | 
| 7.3. | Pellet 3D printing - advantages & disadvantages | 
| 7.4. | Comparison with other 3D printing technologies and injection molding | 
| 7.5. | Pellet 3D printing technologies on the market | 
| 7.6. | Trends within pellet 3D printing | 
| 7.7. | Target industries and applications | 
| 7.8. | Example use cases of pellet extrusion | 
| 7.9. | Collaborations for pellet 3D printing | 
| 7.10. | Materials suppliers for pellet 3D printing | 
| 7.11. | Growth in pellet 3D printing | 
| 7.12. | Pellet 3D printing: SWOT analysis | 
| 7.13. | Outlook for pellet 3D printing | 
| 7.14. | Pellet 3D printing companies | 
| 8. | FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE 3D PRINTING | 
| 8.1. | Polymer composites in 3D printing - overview | 
| 8.2. | Composite 3D printing hardware | 
| 8.2.1. | Chopped fiber thermoplastic filament extrusion | 
| 8.2.2. | Continuous fiber thermoplastic filament extrusion | 
| 8.2.3. | Continuous fiber thermoplastic tape extrusion | 
| 8.2.4. | Sheet lamination | 
| 8.2.5. | Powder bed fusion: selective laser sintering (SLS) | 
| 8.2.6. | Continuous fiber thermoset extrusion | 
| 8.2.7. | Composite vat photopolymerization | 
| 8.3. | Composite 3D printing materials | 
| 8.3.1. | Composite material feedstock: introduction | 
| 8.3.2. | Material assessment: matrix considerations | 
| 8.3.3. | Material assessment: mechanical properties | 
| 8.3.4. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking | 
| 8.3.5. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking | 
| 8.3.6. | Complete material list: short carbon fiber | 
| 8.3.7. | Complete material list: short glass fiber | 
| 8.3.8. | Complete material list: powder | 
| 8.3.9. | Complete material list: continuous fiber | 
| 8.3.10. | Benchmarking study by independent research institute on composite 3D printing materials | 
| 8.3.11. | Key composite 3D printing material news and developments | 
| 8.3.12. | Recycled carbon fiber as feedstock material | 
| 8.3.13. | Nanocarbon additive: property advantages | 
| 8.3.14. | Nanocarbon additive: commercial activity | 
| 9. | POLYMER MATERIALS BENCHMARKING | 
| 9.1. | Polymer materials benchmarking: introduction | 
| 9.2. | Resins: printing process comparison | 
| 9.3. | Filaments: composite vs polymer comparison | 
| 9.4. | Filaments: comparison by filament type | 
| 9.5. | Filaments: comparison of unreinforced polymer filaments | 
| 9.6. | Filaments: table of properties by filament type | 
| 9.7. | Filaments: table of properties for unreinforced polymer filaments | 
| 9.8. | Filaments: table of properties for unreinforced polymer filaments | 
| 9.9. | Powders: comparison by powder type | 
| 9.10. | Powders: table of properties by powder type | 
| 9.11. | Powders: table of properties by composition | 
| 9.12. | Polymer feedstock comparison | 
| 9.13. | Conclusion | 
| 10. | POST-PROCESSING FOR POLYMER ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING | 
| 10.1. | Introduction to post-processing | 
| 10.2. | Why is post-processing done for 3D printing? | 
| 10.3. | Overview of post-processing techniques for polymer additive manufacturing | 
| 10.4. | Material removal | 
| 10.5. | Surface finishing techniques | 
| 10.6. | Other post-processing treatments | 
| 10.7. | AM post-processing companies | 
| 10.8. | Pain points for post-processing in AM | 
| 11. | PRODUCTION SERVICES FOR 3D PRINTING | 
| 11.1. | What are 3D printing service bureaus? | 
| 11.2. | What does a service bureau do? | 
| 11.3. | Value proposition behind service bureaus | 
| 11.4. | Design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) | 
| 11.5. | Notable service bureaus | 
| 11.6. | Service bureau performance during the pandemic | 
| 11.7. | Challenges facing service bureaus | 
| 11.8. | Outlook for 3D printing service bureaus | 
| 11.9. | List of selected 3D printing service bureaus | 
| 12. | APPLICATIONS OF POLYMER ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING | 
| 12.1. | Polymer 3D printing for healthcare | 
| 12.1.1. | Most popular 3D printing technologies in healthcare | 
| 12.1.2. | Polymers used in medical 3D printing | 
| 12.1.3. | Medical applications of polymer 3D printing | 
| 12.1.4. | Medical applications of 3D printing by polymer type | 
| 12.1.5. | 3D printing as a surgical tool | 
| 12.1.6. | Using 3D printed models to improve patient care, standards and efficiency | 
| 12.1.7. | 3D Printing Custom Plates, Implants, Valves and Stents | 
| 12.1.8. | 3D printing external medical devices | 
| 12.1.9. | Case study: hearing aids | 
| 12.1.10. | Case study: orthotic insoles | 
| 12.1.11. | High temperature thermoplastic filaments and powders for medicine | 
| 12.1.12. | Photosensitive resins for medicine | 
| 12.1.13. | 3D printing during the COVID-19 pandemic | 
| 12.1.14. | 3D printing in pharmaceuticals | 
| 12.1.15. | 3D printed pharma: novel dissolution profiles | 
| 12.1.16. | 3D printed pharma: personalized medication | 
| 12.1.17. | 3D printed pharma: novel drugs and drug testing | 
| 12.1.18. | 3D printed pharma: commercial status and regulatory overview | 
| 12.1.19. | Digital dentistry and 3D printing | 
| 12.1.20. | Digital dentistry workflow | 
| 12.1.21. | Photopolymer resins for dentistry | 
| 12.1.22. | Case study: Invisalign | 
| 12.1.23. | Case study: dental models | 
| 12.1.24. | Regulatory overview for polymer 3D printing in dentistry | 
| 12.2. | Polymer 3D printing in aviation, space, and defense | 
| 12.2.1. | Composite 3D printing: aerospace and defense | 
| 12.2.2. | Composite 3D printing: UAVs and satellites | 
| 12.2.3. | Composite 3D printing: aviation tooling | 
| 12.2.4. | OEM AM strategy - Airbus | 
| 12.2.5. | OEM AM strategy - Boeing | 
| 12.2.6. | OEM AM strategy - Rolls-Royce | 
| 12.3. | Other industries using polymer additive manufacturing | 
| 12.3.1. | Automotive | 
| 12.3.2. | Motorsport | 
| 12.3.3. | Marine | 
| 12.3.4. | Manufacturing plants | 
| 12.3.5. | Consumer goods | 
| 12.3.6. | Art and design | 
| 13. | MARKET ANALYSIS | 
| 13.1. | Impact of COVID-19: summary of company perspectives | 
| 13.2. | Fiscal year 2021 results: legacy 3D printer manufacturers | 
| 13.3. | Fiscal year 2021 results: emerging printer manufacturers | 
| 13.4. | Fiscal year 2021 results: service providers | 
| 13.5. | Polymer 3D printing investment overview for 2021 | 
| 13.6. | Notable polymers-related acquisitions in 2021 | 
| 13.7. | Acquisition spotlight: Desktop Metal | 
| 13.8. | Companies that went public in 2021: summary | 
| 13.9. | Companies going public in 2021 by company type | 
| 13.10. | Printer companies going public in 2021 by material | 
| 13.11. | Companies going public in 2021: SPAC vs IPO | 
| 13.12. | Polymer 3D printing private funding in 2021 by company type and material type | 
| 13.13. | Top 10 polymer AM-related fundraising rounds in 2021 | 
| 13.14. | 3D printing investment overview for H1 2022 | 
| 13.15. | Notable acquisitions/mergers in H1 2022 | 
| 13.16. | H2 2022 acquisition highlights - Stratasys, Covestro, 3D Systems, dp polar, and ZMorph | 
| 13.17. | Companies going public in H1 2022 | 
| 13.18. | 3D printing investment in H1 2022 | 
| 13.19. | 3D printing hardware historic revenue growth | 
| 13.20. | Evolution of market shares for 7 printing processes | 
| 13.21. | Hardware market share for printing processes by company | 
| 13.22. | Polymer 3D printing hardware revenue by manufacturer region | 
| 13.23. | Polymer 3D printing technology segmentation | 
| 13.24. | Current polymer 3D printing technology market share | 
| 13.25. | Current market share of polymer materials demand - revenue and mass | 
| 14. | MARKET FORECASTS FOR POLYMER ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING | 
| 14.1. | Polymer 3D printing market forecast 2023-2033 | 
| 14.2. | Polymer 3D printing hardware forecasts | 
| 14.3. | Forecast methodology and presentation of findings | 
| 14.4. | 3D printing hardware market by technology | 
| 14.5. | 3D printing install base by technology | 
| 14.6. | Polymer 3D printing technology market share in 2033 | 
| 14.7. | Polymer 3D printing material forecasts | 
| 14.8. | Forecast methodology and presentation of findings | 
| 14.9. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue and mass | 
| 14.10. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - discussion | 
| 14.11. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology - revenue and mass | 
| 14.12. | Polymer materials forecast by technology - discussion | 
| 14.13. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - revenue and mass | 
| 14.14. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - discussion | 
| 14.15. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - revenue and mass | 
| 14.16. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - discussion | 
| 14.17. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - revenue and mass | 
| 14.18. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - discussion | 
| 14.19. | Key trends for polymer 3D printing materials | 
| 14.20. | Conclusions | 
| 14.21. | Company profiles | 
| 14.22. | 3D printing research at IDTechEx | 
| 15. | APPENDIX | 
| 15.1. | Polymer 3D printing market forecast 2023-2033 | 
| 15.2. | 3D printing hardware market by technology | 
| 15.3. | 3D printing install base by technology | 
| 15.4. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock -mass | 
| 15.5. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue | 
| 15.6. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology -mass | 
| 15.7. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology - revenue | 
| 15.8. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - mass | 
| 15.9. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - revenue | 
| 15.10. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - mass | 
| 15.11. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - revenue | 
| 15.12. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - mass | 
| 15.13. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - revenue |