| 1. | EXECUTIVE INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | Structure of this report | 
| 1.2. | Types of haptics: features | 
| 1.3. | Type of haptics: applications and examples | 
| 1.4. | Technology readiness and adoption | 
| 1.5. | Types of haptics: technology | 
| 1.6. | Haptic actuation technologies: key SWOT | 
| 1.7. | The incumbent technologies: ERM and LRA | 
| 1.8. | Displacing the incumbent technologies | 
| 1.9. | Emerging haptics find their niches | 
| 1.10. | Old markets are faced with challenges | 
| 1.11. | Haptics revenue over time (historic data & forecast) | 
| 1.12. | New markets provide the greatest opportunities | 
| 1.13. | Haptics revenue by device type, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 1.14. | Automotive | 
| 1.15. | Haptics in vehicle interiors: Examples | 
| 1.16. | Haptics revenue by type of haptics, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 1.17. | Haptics revenue by type of haptics, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 1.18. | Haptics revenue by device type, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 1.19. | Haptics revenue by actuator technology, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 1.20. | Haptics revenue by actuator technology, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 1.21. | The potential value-adds from haptic feedback | 
| 1.22. | What has happened in the last two years? | 
| 1.23. | Summary table of key forecast data | 
| 1.24. | Company Profiles | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION OF HAPTICS TECHNOLOGIES | 
| 2.1. | How the sense of touch works | 
| 2.2. | Types of haptics (1) | 
| 2.3. | Types of haptics (2) | 
| 2.4. | Core vs peripheral haptics | 
| 2.5. | Technology readiness and adoption | 
| 2.6. | What has happened in the last two years? | 
| 3. | ELECTROMAGNETIC HAPTIC ACTUATORS: ERMS, LRAS, VCMS AND EMERGING OPTIONS | 
| 3.1.1. | Introduction: electromagnetic actuators | 
| 3.2. | Eccentric Rotating Mass Motors (ERM motors or ERMs) | 
| 3.3. | Introduction: ERM motors | 
| 3.3.1. | ERM Drivers | 
| 3.3.2. | Varying response from an ERM motor | 
| 3.3.3. | SWOT Analysis - ERM Motors | 
| 3.4. | Linear resonant actuators (LRAs) | 
| 3.4.1. | LRA Structure | 
| 3.4.2. | LRA Structure | 
| 3.4.3. | Apple's Taptic Engine | 
| 3.4.4. | LRA properties and performance | 
| 3.4.5. | LRA Drivers | 
| 3.4.6. | Varying responses in an LRA | 
| 3.4.7. | SWOT: Linear Resonant Actuators (LRAs) | 
| 3.4.8. | Voice coil motors (VCMs) and custom electromagnetic actuators | 
| 3.5. | Voice coil motor structure | 
| 3.5.1. | Nidec Sankyo: VCMs for haptics | 
| 3.5.2. | TITAN Haptics (formerly a part of Nanoport) | 
| 3.5.3. | Miraisens | 
| 3.5.4. | Actronika | 
| 3.5.5. | SWOT: Voice coil motors (VCMs) | 
| 3.6. | Performance enhancement with multiple actuators | 
| 3.6.1. | General Vibration: "SAVANT" | 
| 3.6.2. | SAVANT with ERM motors - the Gemini Drive | 
| 3.6.3. | General Vibration - LRA SAVANTs | 
| 3.7. | Electromagnetic haptics: Actuator and driver suppliers | 
| 3.7.1. | Electromagnetic haptic actuator suppliers: Summary | 
| 3.7.2. | Trends and themes in the actuator market | 
| 3.7.3. | Differentiation between actuator suppliers | 
| 3.7.4. | Five Forces (Porter) analysis for electromagnetic actuator suppliers | 
| 3.7.5. | Electromagnetic haptic driver suppliers: Summary | 
| 3.7.6. | Themes and trends in the haptics driver market | 
| 4. | PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS | 
| 4.1. | Technology Analysis of Piezoelectric Actuators | 
| 4.1.1. | Background and definitions | 
| 4.1.2. | Piezoelectric haptic actuators | 
| 4.1.3. | Piezoelectric effect | 
| 4.1.4. | Piezoelectric actuator materials | 
| 4.1.5. | Piezoelectric composites are also an option | 
| 4.1.6. | Value chain for piezoelectric actuators | 
| 4.1.7. | Device integration | 
| 4.1.8. | Challenges with integration: Durability | 
| 4.1.9. | Driver innovation | 
| 4.1.10. | Use cases for piezoelectric haptics | 
| 4.1.11. | Coupled sensor-actuator systems with piezoelectrics | 
| 4.1.12. | Use in surface haptics | 
| 4.1.13. | SWOT: Piezoelectric Ceramics | 
| 4.2. | Company examples | 
| 4.2.1. | Aito | 
| 4.2.2. | Boréas Technologies | 
| 4.2.3. | Texas Instruments | 
| 4.2.4. | TDK | 
| 4.2.5. | hap2U | 
| 4.2.6. | ASLA Tech | 
| 4.2.7. | Other players | 
| 5. | ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS (EAPS) | 
| 5.1.1. | Types of electroactive polymer (EAP) | 
| 5.1.2. | Types of electroactive polymer (continued) | 
| 5.1.3. | Comparing physical properties of EAPs | 
| 5.2. | Piezoelectric Polymers | 
| 5.2.1. | Background and Definitions: Piezoelectric constants | 
| 5.2.2. | Why use a polymer? - Materials Choices | 
| 5.2.3. | PVDF-based polymer options for haptic actuators | 
| 5.2.4. | Novasentis / Kemet | 
| 5.2.5. | Example demonstrator with polymeric haptics | 
| 5.2.6. | SWOT: Piezoelectric polymers | 
| 5.3. | Dielectric elastomers (DEAs) | 
| 5.3.1. | Comparing DEAs with Ceramics and SMAs | 
| 5.3.2. | Dielectric elastomers as haptic actuators | 
| 5.3.3. | Artificial Muscle | 
| 5.3.4. | Toyoda Gosei | 
| 5.3.5. | Leap Technology & ElastiSense | 
| 5.3.6. | CT Systems | 
| 5.3.7. | SWOT: Dielectric elastomers | 
| 5.4. | Conclusions: Soft actuators | 
| 5.4.1. | Technology benchmarking: Soft actuators | 
| 6. | SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS (SMAS) | 
| 6.1. | Introduction to shape memory alloys | 
| 6.2. | Deploying SMA as conventional haptic actuators | 
| 6.3. | SMA haptics: some metrics | 
| 6.4. | SWOT: SMAs | 
| 7. | SURFACE HAPTICS, DISPLAY HAPTICS & VARIABLE FRICTION | 
| 7.1.1. | Surface haptics & display haptics: Introduction | 
| 7.1.2. | Introduction: Surface haptics | 
| 7.1.3. | Market forecast: surface haptics | 
| 7.2. | Surface haptics with traditional actuator technologies | 
| 7.2.1. | Bending wave haptic feedback | 
| 7.2.2. | Redux ST acquired by Alphabet | 
| 7.2.3. | Nidec Copal - surface haptics | 
| 7.2.4. | SMK Electronics | 
| 7.2.5. | Innolux | 
| 7.2.6. | Taiyo Yunden | 
| 7.2.7. | SWOT: Surface haptics with traditional actuators | 
| 7.3. | Electrostatic Friction (ESF) | 
| 7.3.1. | Electrostatic Friction (ESF) | 
| 7.3.2. | Tanvas | 
| 7.3.3. | Tanvas' new technology on flex surfaces | 
| 7.3.4. | O-Film's acquisition of Senseg | 
| 7.3.5. | SWOT: Electrostatic Friction | 
| 7.4. | Ultrasonic Vibration (USV) | 
| 7.4.1. | Ultrasonic Vibration (USV) | 
| 7.4.2. | hap2U | 
| 7.4.3. | Taiyo Yuden | 
| 7.4.4. | SWOT: Ultrasonic vibration | 
| 7.5. | Other types of surface haptics | 
| 7.6. | Tactile shear feedback | 
| 7.6.1. | Tactical Haptics: custom VR controllers | 
| 7.6.2. | Shear forces for variable friction displays | 
| 7.6.3. | Example from TDK | 
| 7.7. | Microfluidic haptics | 
| 7.7.1. | Tactus Technology | 
| 7.7.2. | Microfluidics: Tactus Technology | 
| 7.7.3. | Other microfluidic haptics: HaptX | 
| 7.8. | Surface haptics: Conclusions | 
| 7.8.1. | Technology benchmarking: Surface haptics | 
| 7.8.2. | Conclusions: Surface haptics | 
| 8. | BUTTON HAPTICS | 
| 8.1. | Haptics for button replacement | 
| 8.2. | Button haptics: Examples | 
| 8.3. | Button haptics in smartphones? | 
| 8.4. | Market forecast: Button haptics | 
| 9. | CONTACTLESS HAPTICS | 
| 9.1. | Background: Contactless haptics | 
| 9.2. | Ultrasonic haptics | 
| 9.3. | Ultraleap | 
| 9.4. | Ultraleap: Mid-air haptics for automotive | 
| 9.5. | Metasonics | 
| 9.6. | Hanyang University | 
| 9.7. | Air Vortex | 
| 9.8. | Technology comparison for contactless haptics | 
| 9.9. | The commercial reality | 
| 9.10. | Contactless haptics revenue, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 9.11. | Contactless haptics revenue, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 10. | KINAESTHETIC HAPTICS | 
| 10.1.1. | Kinaesthetic haptics | 
| 10.1.2. | Medical | 
| 10.1.3. | Gaming controllers | 
| 10.1.4. | Data and forecast for kinaesthetic haptics | 
| 10.2. | Related topic: Power-assist exoskeletons and apparel | 
| 10.2.1. | Power assist exoskeletons | 
| 10.2.2. | The relationship between assistive devices and kinaesthetic haptics | 
| 10.3. | Roots in medical rehabilitation | 
| 10.3.1. | Example: Ekso Bionics | 
| 10.3.2. | Samsung & SAIT | 
| 10.3.3. | Rehabotics Medical Technology | 
| 10.3.4. | Rehabotics Medical Technology | 
| 10.3.5. | BrainCo: create affordable smart prosthetics | 
| 10.3.6. | Neofect: Rapael smart glove for home rehab | 
| 10.4. | Towards other application areas | 
| 10.4.1. | Seoul National University | 
| 10.4.2. | SenseGlove | 
| 10.4.3. | Smart-Ship | 
| 10.4.4. | Teslasuit | 
| 10.4.5. | AIM and Racer | 
| 10.4.6. | Geographical and market trends | 
| 11. | OTHER EMERGING HAPTIC TECHNOLOGIES | 
| 11.1. | Thermal haptics | 
| 11.1.1. | Thermal haptics and thermoreceptors | 
| 11.1.2. | Thermoelectric cooler (Peltier devices) | 
| 11.1.3. | National University of Singapore - Ambiotherm | 
| 11.1.4. | MIT - the scuba diving simulator Amphibian | 
| 11.1.5. | Thermal-resistive heaters | 
| 11.1.6. | Seoul National University - stretchable thermal haptic glove | 
| 11.1.7. | Commercialisation of thermal haptics | 
| 11.1.8. | TEGway - thermal haptic glove | 
| 11.1.9. | WeART - fingertip thermal haptics | 
| 11.1.10. | SWOT: thermal haptics | 
| 11.1.11. | Summary of thermal haptics | 
| 11.2. | Robotic haptic sensing | 
| 11.2.1. | Introduction to robotic haptic sensing | 
| 11.2.2. | Material classification by robotic haptics | 
| 11.2.3. | Tactile sensors | 
| 11.2.4. | Dexterous manipulation and picking | 
| 11.2.5. | Minimally invasive surgery | 
| 11.2.6. | Smart skin | 
| 11.2.7. | Example: SynTouch | 
| 11.2.8. | Example: Robotiq | 
| 11.2.9. | Summary of robotic haptic sensing | 
| 12. | TECHNOLOGY LICENSING IN HAPTICS | 
| 12.1. | Introduction: Technology licensing | 
| 12.2. | Introduction: Technology licensing in haptics | 
| 12.3. | Immersion Corporation | 
| 12.4. | Key patent portfolio | 
| 12.5. | Litigation underpins revenue | 
| 12.6. | Major settlements | 
| 12.7. | License revenues over time | 
| 12.8. | Revenue by industry sector over time | 
| 12.9. | Outlook and conclusions | 
| 12.10. | Licensing revenue relative to total revenue | 
| 12.11. | General conclusions and outlook: Haptics licensing | 
| 12.12. | Value chain summary | 
| 13. | MARKETS AND FORECASTS: INTRODUCTION | 
| 13.1.1. | Methodology and high-level forecasts | 
| 13.2. | Baselines and assumptions | 
| 13.2.1. | Forecast details and assumptions | 
| 13.2.2. | Device sales drive haptics sales (historic data & forecast) | 
| 13.2.3. | More devices are adding haptics (historic data & forecast) | 
| 13.2.4. | Haptics spend per device is increasing (historic data & forecast) | 
| 13.2.5. | Haptics revenue over time (historic data & forecast) | 
| 13.3. | Haptics forecasts as a derivative of device forecasts | 
| 13.3.1. | Sales volumes of devices that contain haptics, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 13.3.2. | Sales volumes of devices that contain haptics, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 13.4. | Haptics market data by system type | 
| 13.4.1. | Haptics revenue by type of haptics, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 13.4.2. | Haptics revenue by type of haptics, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 13.4.3. | Haptics revenue by device type, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 13.4.4. | Haptics revenue by device type, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 13.5. | Haptics market data by technology | 
| 13.5.1. | Haptics revenue by actuator technology, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 13.5.2. | Haptics revenue by actuator technology, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 14. | HAPTICS IN SMARTPHONES | 
| 14.1. | Introduction: Haptics in smartphones | 
| 14.2. | Smartphone haptics revenue, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 14.3. | Smartphone haptics revenue, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 15. | HAPTICS IN GAMING (CONSOLE & HANDHELD) | 
| 15.1. | Introduction: Haptics in console gaming | 
| 15.2. | PS3 (DualShock 3) - Summary | 
| 15.3. | PS4 (DualShock 4) - Summary | 
| 15.4. | PS5 (DualSense) - Summary | 
| 15.5. | Xbox 360 - Summary | 
| 15.6. | Xbox One - Summary | 
| 15.7. | Xbox Series X - Summary | 
| 15.8. | Nintendo Switch - Summary | 
| 15.9. | Gaming (controllers) haptics revenue, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 15.10. | Gaming (controllers) haptics revenue, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 15.11. | Introduction: Haptics in handheld gaming | 
| 15.12. | Steam Deck - Summary | 
| 15.13. | Handheld gaming haptics revenue, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 15.14. | Handheld gaming haptics revenue, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 16. | HAPTICS IN VR | 
| 16.1. | Stimulating the senses: Sight, sound, touch and beyond | 
| 16.2. | Haptics in mainstream VR 2022 | 
| 16.3. | PlayStation Move (PSVR controller) | 
| 16.4. | Oculus Touch (Oculus Rift controller) | 
| 16.5. | Oculus Quest 2 | 
| 16.6. | HTC Vive controller | 
| 16.7. | Valve Index | 
| 16.8. | Haptics in controllers: inertial and surface actuation | 
| 16.9. | Example: Surface actuation on a controller | 
| 16.10. | Motion simulators and vehicles: established platforms | 
| 16.11. | Motion simulators are still used to show off VR | 
| 16.12. | Examples: personal VR motion simulators and vehicles | 
| 16.13. | Examples: personal VR motion simulators and vehicles | 
| 16.14. | Wearable haptic interfaces in VR | 
| 16.15. | Wearable haptic interfaces - rings | 
| 16.16. | Commercial examples: Interhaptics | 
| 16.17. | Wearable haptic interfaces - gloves | 
| 16.18. | Examples: Virtuix, NeuroDigital Technologies | 
| 16.19. | Meta microfluidic glove | 
| 16.20. | Wearable haptic interfaces - shoes | 
| 16.21. | Commercial examples: Nidec, CEREVO, and others | 
| 16.22. | Wearable haptic interfaces - harnesses and apparel | 
| 16.23. | Skinetic VR vest by Actronika | 
| 16.24. | bHaptics Inc. | 
| 16.25. | Wearable haptic interfaces - exoskeletons | 
| 16.26. | Commercial examples: Dexta Robotics | 
| 16.27. | Exoskeletons for VR | 
| 16.28. | Manipulandums in VR | 
| 16.29. | FundamentalVR - haptics for training surgeons in VR | 
| 16.30. | Robotics: Hacking existing platforms to build kinaesthetic haptics | 
| 16.31. | The case for contactless haptics in VR | 
| 16.32. | XR haptics revenue, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 16.33. | XR haptics revenue, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 17. | HAPTICS IN WEARABLES | 
| 17.1. | Consumer Electronics: Wearables | 
| 17.2. | Apple Watch Series 7 - teardown | 
| 17.3. | Xiao Mi Band 6 - teardown | 
| 17.4. | Wearables haptics revenue, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 17.5. | Wearables haptics revenue, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 18. | HAPTICS IN OTHER CONSUMER ELECTRONICS | 
| 18.1. | Consumer Electronics: Tablets | 
| 18.2. | Consumer Electronics: Laptops | 
| 18.3. | Sensel: VCMs for laptop trackpads | 
| 19. | HAPTICS IN AUTOMOTIVE | 
| 19.1. | Automotive | 
| 19.2. | Haptics in vehicle interiors: Examples | 
| 19.3. | Haptics in vehicle steering wheels | 
| 19.4. | Example: Mercedes Benz | 
| 19.5. | Example: Hyundai cockpit of the future | 
| 19.6. | Haptics in car seats | 
| 19.7. | Examples: GM Safety Alert Seat | 
| 19.8. | Example: Nidec targeting the automotive sector | 
| 19.9. | Haptics in accelerator pedals | 
| 19.10. | Example: Mercedes | 
| 19.11. | Haptics in vehicle centre consoles | 
| 19.12. | Example: Audi MMI | 
| 19.13. | Example: Nissan Ariya | 
| 19.14. | Contactless haptics for automotive: Bosch and Ultrahaptics | 
| 19.15. | Example: Bosch and Kyocera | 
| 19.16. | Automotive haptics revenue, historic (2011-2021) | 
| 19.17. | Automotive haptics revenue, forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 20. | OTHER HAPTICS | 
| 20.1. | Home appliance, commercial and other uses | 
| 21. | SUMMARY OF THE MARKET FORECASTS | 
| 21.1. | Haptics market data by device types | 
| 21.1.1. | Haptics revenue by device type Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.1.2. | Smartphone haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.1.3. | Gaming (controllers) haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.1.4. | VR haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.1.5. | Handheld gaming haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.1.6. | Wearables haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.1.7. | Automotive haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.2. | Haptics market data by technology | 
| 21.2.1. | Haptics revenue by type of haptics Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.2.2. | Haptics revenue by actuator technology Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.2.3. | Display haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.2.4. | Button haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 21.2.5. | Kinaesthetic haptics revenue Historic (2010-2021) & forecast (2022-2033) | 
| 22. | COMPANY PROFILES | 
| 22.1. | Company Profiles - 55 companies profiled |