| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | Material compatibility across 3D printing technologies | 
| 1.2. | Scope of the 3D printing materials report | 
| 1.3. | Breaking down polymer materials for 3D printing | 
| 1.4. | Comparison of polymer feedstock for additive manufacturing | 
| 1.5. | Introduction to composite material feedstock for 3D printing | 
| 1.6. | Ceramic 3D printing materials on the market | 
| 1.7. | What are the feedstock options for metal additive manufacturing? | 
| 1.8. | 3D printing materials investments in 2021 by material type | 
| 1.9. | IDTechEx segmentation of metal additive manufacturing technologies | 
| 1.10. | IDTechEx segmentation of polymer additive manufacturing technologies | 
| 1.11. | Current market share of 3D printing materials demand - revenue and mass | 
| 1.12. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue and mass | 
| 1.13. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - discussion | 
| 1.14. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue and mass | 
| 1.15. | Polymer additive manufacturing materials forecast by feedstock - discussion | 
| 1.16. | Metal AM materials forecast by technology - revenue and mass | 
| 1.17. | Metal additive manufacturing materials forecast by technology - discussion | 
| 1.18. | Key trends for 3D printing materials | 
| 1.19. | Conclusions | 
| 1.20. | IDTechEx company profiles | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION | 
| 2.1. | Glossary: common acronyms for reference | 
| 2.2. | Scope of report | 
| 2.3. | The different types of 3D printing processes | 
| 2.4. | Material-process relationships | 
| 2.5. | Why adopt 3D printing? | 
| 2.6. | History of 3D printing: the rise of the hobbyist | 
| 2.7. | Timeline of 3D printing metals | 
| 2.8. | History of ceramic 3D printing companies | 
| 2.9. | Business models: selling printers vs parts | 
| 2.10. | Consumer vs prosumer vs professional | 
| 2.11. | Use patterns and market segmentation | 
| 2.12. | Drivers and restraints of growth for 3D printing | 
| 3. | PHOTOPOLYMER RESINS | 
| 3.1. | Introduction to photopolymer resins | 
| 3.2. | Chemistry of photosensitive resins | 
| 3.3. | Chemistry of photopolymer resins | 
| 3.4. | Chemistry of photosensitive resins | 
| 3.5. | Resins - advantages and disadvantages | 
| 3.6. | General purpose resins - overview | 
| 3.7. | General purpose resins - applications | 
| 3.8. | Engineering resins - overview | 
| 3.9. | Engineering resins - applications | 
| 3.10. | Flexible resins - overview | 
| 3.11. | Flexible resins - applications | 
| 3.12. | Flexible resins - footwear | 
| 3.13. | Castable resins - overview | 
| 3.14. | Castable resins - applications | 
| 3.15. | Healthcare resins - overview | 
| 3.16. | Healthcare resins - applications | 
| 3.17. | Extrusion resins - overview | 
| 3.18. | Extrusion resins - applications | 
| 3.19. | Viscous photosensitive resins | 
| 3.20. | Photosensitive resin suppliers | 
| 4. | THERMOPLASTIC POWDERS | 
| 4.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic powders | 
| 4.2. | Engineering (nylon) powder - overview | 
| 4.3. | Engineering (nylon) powder - applications | 
| 4.4. | Flexible powder - overview | 
| 4.5. | Flexible powder - applications | 
| 4.6. | Composite powder - overview | 
| 4.7. | Composite powder - applications | 
| 4.8. | High temperature powder - overview | 
| 4.9. | High temperature powder - applications | 
| 4.10. | Engineering (other) powder - overview | 
| 4.11. | Engineering (other) powder - applications | 
| 4.12. | Thermoplastic powders: post-processing | 
| 4.13. | Thermoplastic powder suppliers | 
| 5. | THERMOPLASTIC FILAMENTS | 
| 5.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic filaments | 
| 5.2. | General purpose filaments - overview | 
| 5.3. | General purpose filaments - applications | 
| 5.4. | Engineering filaments - overview | 
| 5.5. | Engineering filaments - applications | 
| 5.6. | Flexible filaments - overview | 
| 5.7. | Flexible Filaments - Applications | 
| 5.8. | Reinforced Filaments - Overview | 
| 5.9. | Reinforced Filaments - Applications | 
| 5.10. | High Temperature Filaments - Overview | 
| 5.11. | High Temperature Filaments - Applications | 
| 5.12. | Support Filaments - Overview | 
| 5.13. | Breakaway vs soluble supports: SWOT analysis | 
| 5.14. | High temp thermoplastic support materials | 
| 5.15. | Fillers for thermoplastic filaments | 
| 5.16. | Thermoplastic filament suppliers | 
| 5.17. | Procurement of thermoplastic filaments | 
| 6. | THERMOPLASTIC PELLETS | 
| 6.1. | What is pellet 3D printing? | 
| 6.2. | Filament extrusion vs pellet extrusion | 
| 6.3. | Pellet 3D printing - advantages & disadvantages | 
| 6.4. | Comparison with Other 3D Printing Technologies and Injection Molding | 
| 6.5. | Pellet 3D printing technologies on the market | 
| 6.6. | Trends within pellet 3D printing | 
| 6.7. | Trends within pellet 3D printing | 
| 6.8. | Target industries and applications | 
| 6.9. | Example Use Cases of Pellet Extrusion | 
| 6.10. | Collaborations for pellet 3D printing | 
| 6.11. | Materials suppliers for pellet 3D printing | 
| 6.12. | Growth in Pellet 3D Printing | 
| 6.13. | Pellet 3D printing: SWOT analysis | 
| 6.14. | Outlook for pellet 3D printing | 
| 6.15. | Pellet 3D printing companies | 
| 6.16. | Pellet 3D printing companies | 
| 7. | FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES | 
| 7.1. | Introduction to composite 3D printing | 
| 7.2. | Material feedstock: introduction | 
| 7.3. | Material assessment: matrix considerations | 
| 7.4. | Material assessment: mechanical properties | 
| 7.5. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking | 
| 7.6. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking | 
| 7.7. | Complete material list: short carbon fiber | 
| 7.8. | Complete material list: short carbon fiber | 
| 7.9. | Complete material list: short glass fiber | 
| 7.10. | Complete material list: powder | 
| 7.11. | Complete material list: continuous fiber | 
| 7.12. | Benchmarking study by independent research institute | 
| 7.13. | Key material news and developments | 
| 7.14. | Recycled carbon fiber as feedstock material | 
| 7.15. | Nanocarbon additive: property advantages | 
| 7.16. | Nanocarbon additive: commercial activity | 
| 8. | POLYMER MATERIALS BENCHMARKING | 
| 8.1. | Polymer materials benchmarking: introduction | 
| 8.2. | Resins: printing process comparison | 
| 8.3. | Resins: printing process comparison | 
| 8.4. | Filaments: composite vs polymer comparison | 
| 8.5. | Filaments: comparison by filament type | 
| 8.6. | Filaments: comparison by filament type | 
| 8.7. | Filaments: comparison of unreinforced polymer filaments | 
| 8.8. | Filaments: table of properties by filament type | 
| 8.9. | Filaments: table of properties for unreinforced polymer filaments | 
| 8.10. | Filaments: table of properties for unreinforced polymer filaments | 
| 8.11. | Powders: comparison by powder type | 
| 8.12. | Powders: comparison by powder type | 
| 8.13. | Powders: table of properties by powder type | 
| 8.14. | Powders: table of properties by composition | 
| 8.15. | Polymer feedstock comparison | 
| 8.16. | Conclusion | 
| 9. | METAL POWDERS | 
| 9.1. | Material feedstock options | 
| 9.2. | Powder morphology specifications | 
| 9.3. | Water or gas atomization | 
| 9.4. | Plasma atomization | 
| 9.5. | Electrochemical atomization | 
| 9.6. | Powder morphology depends on atomization process | 
| 9.7. | Powder morphology depends on atomization process | 
| 9.8. | Supported materials | 
| 9.9. | Suppliers of metal powders for AM | 
| 9.10. | Suppliers of metal powders for AM | 
| 9.11. | Titanium powder - overview | 
| 9.12. | Titanium powder - main players | 
| 9.13. | Titanium powder - main players | 
| 9.14. | Key material start-ups for metal additive manufacturing | 
| 9.15. | Recycled titanium feedstocks | 
| 9.16. | Metal powder bed fusion post processing | 
| 9.17. | Barriers and limitations to using metal powders | 
| 10. | OTHER METAL FEEDSTOCKS | 
| 10.1. | Metal wire feedstocks | 
| 10.2. | Metal wire feedstocks | 
| 10.3. | Metal + polymer filaments | 
| 10.4. | Metal + polymer filaments | 
| 10.5. | Metal + polymer filaments: BASF Ultrafuse | 
| 10.6. | Metal + photopolymer resin | 
| 11. | COMPATIBLE METAL ALLOYS | 
| 11.1. | Alloys and material properties | 
| 11.2. | Aluminum and alloys | 
| 11.3. | Expanding the aluminum AM material portfolio | 
| 11.4. | 3D printing with copper: huge potential with many challenges | 
| 11.5. | Expanding the copper AM material portfolio | 
| 11.6. | Current applications for copper 3D printing | 
| 11.7. | Cobalt and alloys | 
| 11.8. | Nickel alloy: Inconel 625 | 
| 11.9. | Nickel alloy: Inconel 718 | 
| 11.10. | Precious metals and alloys | 
| 11.11. | Maraging steel 1.2709 | 
| 11.12. | 15-5PH stainless steel | 
| 11.13. | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 
| 11.14. | 316L stainless steel | 
| 11.15. | Titanium and alloys | 
| 11.16. | AM of high entropy alloys | 
| 11.17. | AM of amorphous alloys | 
| 11.18. | Emerging aluminum alloys and MMCs | 
| 11.19. | Multi-metal material solutions | 
| 11.20. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials | 
| 11.21. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials | 
| 11.22. | New alloys for 3D printing | 
| 11.23. | Tungsten powder and nanoparticles | 
| 12. | CERAMICS | 
| 12.1. | Introduction to ceramic 3D printing materials | 
| 12.2. | Classification: by feedstock type | 
| 12.3. | Classification: by application | 
| 12.4. | Classification: by chemistry | 
| 12.5. | Ceramic 3D printing materials on the market | 
| 12.6. | Bioceramics | 
| 12.7. | Mechanical properties of 3DP ceramic materials | 
| 12.8. | Thermal properties of 3DP ceramic materials | 
| 12.9. | Average densities of 3DP ceramic materials | 
| 12.10. | Flexural strength vs density - 3DP ceramic materials | 
| 12.11. | Alumina comparison - AM vs non AM | 
| 12.12. | Zirconia comparison - AM vs non AM | 
| 12.13. | Silicon carbide and nitride comparison | 
| 12.14. | Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) | 
| 12.15. | Ceramics as reinforcement in 3D printing | 
| 12.16. | Manufacturers of ceramics for 3D printing | 
| 13. | COMPATIBLE CERAMIC MATERIALS | 
| 13.1. | Alumina (Al2O3) | 
| 13.2. | Zirconia (ZrO2) | 
| 13.3. | Silica (SiO2) | 
| 13.4. | Silicon Nitride (Si3N4 & β-SiAlON) | 
| 13.5. | Silicon Carbide (SiC) | 
| 13.6. | Aluminum Nitride (AlN) | 
| 13.7. | Carbon | 
| 13.8. | Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) | 
| 13.9. | Tricalcium Phosphate (β-Ca3(PO4)2) | 
| 13.10. | Cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) | 
| 14. | OTHER MATERIALS | 
| 14.1. | Sand for binder jetting | 
| 14.2. | Paper sheets: full colour models | 
| 14.3. | Glass for 3D printing | 
| 14.4. | 4D printing materials | 
| 15. | CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR 3D PRINTING | 
| 15.1. | A Brief History of Concrete 3D Printing | 
| 15.2. | The drivers behind 3D printed concrete | 
| 15.3. | The drivers behind 3D printed concrete | 
| 15.4. | Main categories of concrete AM technology | 
| 15.5. | Cartesian ("gantry") extrusion | 
| 15.6. | Cartesian ("gantry") extrusion | 
| 15.7. | Robotic extrusion | 
| 15.8. | Robotic extrusion | 
| 15.9. | Binder jetting | 
| 15.10. | Materials for concrete 3D printing | 
| 15.11. | Notable concrete 3D printing projects | 
| 15.12. | Barriers to adoption of concrete 3D printing | 
| 15.13. | Outlook for concrete 3D printing | 
| 15.14. | Concrete 3D printing companies | 
| 15.15. | Clay 3D printing for construction | 
| 15.16. | Thermoset 3D printing for construction | 
| 16. | MARKET ANALYSIS | 
| 16.1. | Overview - 2022 products and developments | 
| 16.2. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - metal materials | 
| 16.3. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - metal materials | 
| 16.4. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - polymer materials | 
| 16.5. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - polymer materials | 
| 16.6. | 2022 products and developments - polymer materials | 
| 16.7. | 2022 products and developments - polymer materials | 
| 16.8. | Overview - partnerships announced in 2022 involving AM materials | 
| 16.9. | Partnerships announced in 2022 involving AM Materials | 
| 16.10. | Overview - funding for AM materials companies in 2022 | 
| 16.11. | AM materials investment overview for 2021 | 
| 16.12. | Metal AM Related Acquisitions  in 2021 | 
| 16.13. | Acquisition spotlight: desktop metal | 
| 16.14. | Companies going public in 2021: summary | 
| 16.15. | Companies going public in 2021 by type | 
| 16.16. | Companies going public in 2021: SPAC vs IPO | 
| 16.17. | Valuations vs revenue at time of SPAC merger | 
| 16.18. | Stock performance: Markforged and Desktop Metal | 
| 16.19. | AM materials funding in 2021 by company type | 
| 16.20. | AM materials funding in 2021 by country | 
| 16.21. | AM materials funding in 2021 by material type | 
| 16.22. | Top 11 AM materials-related fundraising rounds in 2021 | 
| 16.23. | Metal AM technology segmentation | 
| 16.24. | Polymer AM technology segmentation | 
| 16.25. | Current market share of materials demand - revenue and mass | 
| 17. | MARKET FORECAST | 
| 17.1. | Forecast methodology and presentation of findings | 
| 17.2. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue and mass | 
| 17.3. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue and mass | 
| 17.4. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue and mass | 
| 17.5. | Polymer materials forecast by feedstock - discussion | 
| 17.6. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology - revenue and mass | 
| 17.7. | Polymer materials forecast by technology - discussion | 
| 17.8. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - revenue and mass | 
| 17.9. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - discussion | 
| 17.10. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - revenue and mass | 
| 17.11. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - discussion | 
| 17.12. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - revenue and mass | 
| 17.13. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - discussion | 
| 17.14. | Metal AM material forecast by technology - revenue and mass | 
| 17.15. | Metal AM material forecast by technology - discussion | 
| 17.16. | Metal AM material forecast by alloy - revenue and mass | 
| 17.17. | Metal AM Material Forecast by Alloy - Discussion | 
| 17.18. | Ceramic 3D printing materials usage forecast | 
| 17.19. | 3D printing ceramics usage forecast by composition | 
| 17.20. | Ceramic 3D printing materials revenue forecast | 
| 18. | CONCLUSION | 
| 18.1. | Key trends for 3D printing materials | 
| 18.2. | Conclusions | 
| 18.3. | 3D printing research at IDTechEx | 
| 19. | COMPANY PROFILES | 
| 19.1. | Company profiles | 
| 20. | APPENDIX | 
| 20.1. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue | 
| 20.2. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - mass | 
| 20.3. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock -mass | 
| 20.4. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue | 
| 20.5. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology -mass | 
| 20.6. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology - revenue | 
| 20.7. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - revenue | 
| 20.8. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - mass | 
| 20.9. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - revenue | 
| 20.10. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type -mass | 
| 20.11. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - revenue | 
| 20.12. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - mass | 
| 20.13. | Metal material forecast by technology - revenue | 
| 20.14. | Metal material forecast by technology - mass | 
| 20.15. | Metal material forecast by alloy - revenue | 
| 20.16. | Metal material forecast by alloy - mass | 
| 20.17. | Ceramic 3D printing materials usage forecast | 
| 20.18. | 3D printing ceramics usage forecast by composition | 
| 20.19. | Ceramic 3D printing materials revenue forecast |