| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Material compatibility across 3D printing technologies |
| 1.2. | Scope of the 3D printing materials report |
| 1.3. | Breaking down polymer materials for 3D printing |
| 1.4. | Comparison of polymer feedstock for additive manufacturing |
| 1.5. | Introduction to composite material feedstock for 3D printing |
| 1.6. | Ceramic 3D printing materials on the market |
| 1.7. | What are the feedstock options for metal additive manufacturing? |
| 1.8. | 3D printing materials investments in 2021 by material type |
| 1.9. | IDTechEx segmentation of metal additive manufacturing technologies |
| 1.10. | IDTechEx segmentation of polymer additive manufacturing technologies |
| 1.11. | Current market share of 3D printing materials demand - revenue and mass |
| 1.12. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue and mass |
| 1.13. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - discussion |
| 1.14. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue and mass |
| 1.15. | Polymer additive manufacturing materials forecast by feedstock - discussion |
| 1.16. | Metal AM materials forecast by technology - revenue and mass |
| 1.17. | Metal additive manufacturing materials forecast by technology - discussion |
| 1.18. | Key trends for 3D printing materials |
| 1.19. | Conclusions |
| 1.20. | IDTechEx company profiles |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Glossary: common acronyms for reference |
| 2.2. | Scope of report |
| 2.3. | The different types of 3D printing processes |
| 2.4. | Material-process relationships |
| 2.5. | Why adopt 3D printing? |
| 2.6. | History of 3D printing: the rise of the hobbyist |
| 2.7. | Timeline of 3D printing metals |
| 2.8. | History of ceramic 3D printing companies |
| 2.9. | Business models: selling printers vs parts |
| 2.10. | Consumer vs prosumer vs professional |
| 2.11. | Use patterns and market segmentation |
| 2.12. | Drivers and restraints of growth for 3D printing |
| 3. | PHOTOPOLYMER RESINS |
| 3.1. | Introduction to photopolymer resins |
| 3.2. | Chemistry of photosensitive resins |
| 3.3. | Chemistry of photopolymer resins |
| 3.4. | Chemistry of photosensitive resins |
| 3.5. | Resins - advantages and disadvantages |
| 3.6. | General purpose resins - overview |
| 3.7. | General purpose resins - applications |
| 3.8. | Engineering resins - overview |
| 3.9. | Engineering resins - applications |
| 3.10. | Flexible resins - overview |
| 3.11. | Flexible resins - applications |
| 3.12. | Flexible resins - footwear |
| 3.13. | Castable resins - overview |
| 3.14. | Castable resins - applications |
| 3.15. | Healthcare resins - overview |
| 3.16. | Healthcare resins - applications |
| 3.17. | Extrusion resins - overview |
| 3.18. | Extrusion resins - applications |
| 3.19. | Viscous photosensitive resins |
| 3.20. | Photosensitive resin suppliers |
| 4. | THERMOPLASTIC POWDERS |
| 4.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic powders |
| 4.2. | Engineering (nylon) powder - overview |
| 4.3. | Engineering (nylon) powder - applications |
| 4.4. | Flexible powder - overview |
| 4.5. | Flexible powder - applications |
| 4.6. | Composite powder - overview |
| 4.7. | Composite powder - applications |
| 4.8. | High temperature powder - overview |
| 4.9. | High temperature powder - applications |
| 4.10. | Engineering (other) powder - overview |
| 4.11. | Engineering (other) powder - applications |
| 4.12. | Thermoplastic powders: post-processing |
| 4.13. | Thermoplastic powder suppliers |
| 5. | THERMOPLASTIC FILAMENTS |
| 5.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic filaments |
| 5.2. | General purpose filaments - overview |
| 5.3. | General purpose filaments - applications |
| 5.4. | Engineering filaments - overview |
| 5.5. | Engineering filaments - applications |
| 5.6. | Flexible filaments - overview |
| 5.7. | Flexible Filaments - Applications |
| 5.8. | Reinforced Filaments - Overview |
| 5.9. | Reinforced Filaments - Applications |
| 5.10. | High Temperature Filaments - Overview |
| 5.11. | High Temperature Filaments - Applications |
| 5.12. | Support Filaments - Overview |
| 5.13. | Breakaway vs soluble supports: SWOT analysis |
| 5.14. | High temp thermoplastic support materials |
| 5.15. | Fillers for thermoplastic filaments |
| 5.16. | Thermoplastic filament suppliers |
| 5.17. | Procurement of thermoplastic filaments |
| 6. | THERMOPLASTIC PELLETS |
| 6.1. | What is pellet 3D printing? |
| 6.2. | Filament extrusion vs pellet extrusion |
| 6.3. | Pellet 3D printing - advantages & disadvantages |
| 6.4. | Comparison with Other 3D Printing Technologies and Injection Molding |
| 6.5. | Pellet 3D printing technologies on the market |
| 6.6. | Trends within pellet 3D printing |
| 6.7. | Trends within pellet 3D printing |
| 6.8. | Target industries and applications |
| 6.9. | Example Use Cases of Pellet Extrusion |
| 6.10. | Collaborations for pellet 3D printing |
| 6.11. | Materials suppliers for pellet 3D printing |
| 6.12. | Growth in Pellet 3D Printing |
| 6.13. | Pellet 3D printing: SWOT analysis |
| 6.14. | Outlook for pellet 3D printing |
| 6.15. | Pellet 3D printing companies |
| 6.16. | Pellet 3D printing companies |
| 7. | FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES |
| 7.1. | Introduction to composite 3D printing |
| 7.2. | Material feedstock: introduction |
| 7.3. | Material assessment: matrix considerations |
| 7.4. | Material assessment: mechanical properties |
| 7.5. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking |
| 7.6. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking |
| 7.7. | Complete material list: short carbon fiber |
| 7.8. | Complete material list: short carbon fiber |
| 7.9. | Complete material list: short glass fiber |
| 7.10. | Complete material list: powder |
| 7.11. | Complete material list: continuous fiber |
| 7.12. | Benchmarking study by independent research institute |
| 7.13. | Key material news and developments |
| 7.14. | Recycled carbon fiber as feedstock material |
| 7.15. | Nanocarbon additive: property advantages |
| 7.16. | Nanocarbon additive: commercial activity |
| 8. | POLYMER MATERIALS BENCHMARKING |
| 8.1. | Polymer materials benchmarking: introduction |
| 8.2. | Resins: printing process comparison |
| 8.3. | Resins: printing process comparison |
| 8.4. | Filaments: composite vs polymer comparison |
| 8.5. | Filaments: comparison by filament type |
| 8.6. | Filaments: comparison by filament type |
| 8.7. | Filaments: comparison of unreinforced polymer filaments |
| 8.8. | Filaments: table of properties by filament type |
| 8.9. | Filaments: table of properties for unreinforced polymer filaments |
| 8.10. | Filaments: table of properties for unreinforced polymer filaments |
| 8.11. | Powders: comparison by powder type |
| 8.12. | Powders: comparison by powder type |
| 8.13. | Powders: table of properties by powder type |
| 8.14. | Powders: table of properties by composition |
| 8.15. | Polymer feedstock comparison |
| 8.16. | Conclusion |
| 9. | METAL POWDERS |
| 9.1. | Material feedstock options |
| 9.2. | Powder morphology specifications |
| 9.3. | Water or gas atomization |
| 9.4. | Plasma atomization |
| 9.5. | Electrochemical atomization |
| 9.6. | Powder morphology depends on atomization process |
| 9.7. | Powder morphology depends on atomization process |
| 9.8. | Supported materials |
| 9.9. | Suppliers of metal powders for AM |
| 9.10. | Suppliers of metal powders for AM |
| 9.11. | Titanium powder - overview |
| 9.12. | Titanium powder - main players |
| 9.13. | Titanium powder - main players |
| 9.14. | Key material start-ups for metal additive manufacturing |
| 9.15. | Recycled titanium feedstocks |
| 9.16. | Metal powder bed fusion post processing |
| 9.17. | Barriers and limitations to using metal powders |
| 10. | OTHER METAL FEEDSTOCKS |
| 10.1. | Metal wire feedstocks |
| 10.2. | Metal wire feedstocks |
| 10.3. | Metal + polymer filaments |
| 10.4. | Metal + polymer filaments |
| 10.5. | Metal + polymer filaments: BASF Ultrafuse |
| 10.6. | Metal + photopolymer resin |
| 11. | COMPATIBLE METAL ALLOYS |
| 11.1. | Alloys and material properties |
| 11.2. | Aluminum and alloys |
| 11.3. | Expanding the aluminum AM material portfolio |
| 11.4. | 3D printing with copper: huge potential with many challenges |
| 11.5. | Expanding the copper AM material portfolio |
| 11.6. | Current applications for copper 3D printing |
| 11.7. | Cobalt and alloys |
| 11.8. | Nickel alloy: Inconel 625 |
| 11.9. | Nickel alloy: Inconel 718 |
| 11.10. | Precious metals and alloys |
| 11.11. | Maraging steel 1.2709 |
| 11.12. | 15-5PH stainless steel |
| 11.13. | 17-4 PH stainless steel |
| 11.14. | 316L stainless steel |
| 11.15. | Titanium and alloys |
| 11.16. | AM of high entropy alloys |
| 11.17. | AM of amorphous alloys |
| 11.18. | Emerging aluminum alloys and MMCs |
| 11.19. | Multi-metal material solutions |
| 11.20. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials |
| 11.21. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials |
| 11.22. | New alloys for 3D printing |
| 11.23. | Tungsten powder and nanoparticles |
| 12. | CERAMICS |
| 12.1. | Introduction to ceramic 3D printing materials |
| 12.2. | Classification: by feedstock type |
| 12.3. | Classification: by application |
| 12.4. | Classification: by chemistry |
| 12.5. | Ceramic 3D printing materials on the market |
| 12.6. | Bioceramics |
| 12.7. | Mechanical properties of 3DP ceramic materials |
| 12.8. | Thermal properties of 3DP ceramic materials |
| 12.9. | Average densities of 3DP ceramic materials |
| 12.10. | Flexural strength vs density - 3DP ceramic materials |
| 12.11. | Alumina comparison - AM vs non AM |
| 12.12. | Zirconia comparison - AM vs non AM |
| 12.13. | Silicon carbide and nitride comparison |
| 12.14. | Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) |
| 12.15. | Ceramics as reinforcement in 3D printing |
| 12.16. | Manufacturers of ceramics for 3D printing |
| 13. | COMPATIBLE CERAMIC MATERIALS |
| 13.1. | Alumina (Al2O3) |
| 13.2. | Zirconia (ZrO2) |
| 13.3. | Silica (SiO2) |
| 13.4. | Silicon Nitride (Si3N4 & β-SiAlON) |
| 13.5. | Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
| 13.6. | Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
| 13.7. | Carbon |
| 13.8. | Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) |
| 13.9. | Tricalcium Phosphate (β-Ca3(PO4)2) |
| 13.10. | Cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) |
| 14. | OTHER MATERIALS |
| 14.1. | Sand for binder jetting |
| 14.2. | Paper sheets: full colour models |
| 14.3. | Glass for 3D printing |
| 14.4. | 4D printing materials |
| 15. | CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR 3D PRINTING |
| 15.1. | A Brief History of Concrete 3D Printing |
| 15.2. | The drivers behind 3D printed concrete |
| 15.3. | The drivers behind 3D printed concrete |
| 15.4. | Main categories of concrete AM technology |
| 15.5. | Cartesian ("gantry") extrusion |
| 15.6. | Cartesian ("gantry") extrusion |
| 15.7. | Robotic extrusion |
| 15.8. | Robotic extrusion |
| 15.9. | Binder jetting |
| 15.10. | Materials for concrete 3D printing |
| 15.11. | Notable concrete 3D printing projects |
| 15.12. | Barriers to adoption of concrete 3D printing |
| 15.13. | Outlook for concrete 3D printing |
| 15.14. | Concrete 3D printing companies |
| 15.15. | Clay 3D printing for construction |
| 15.16. | Thermoset 3D printing for construction |
| 16. | MARKET ANALYSIS |
| 16.1. | Overview - 2022 products and developments |
| 16.2. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - metal materials |
| 16.3. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - metal materials |
| 16.4. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - polymer materials |
| 16.5. | Overview - 2022 products and developments - polymer materials |
| 16.6. | 2022 products and developments - polymer materials |
| 16.7. | 2022 products and developments - polymer materials |
| 16.8. | Overview - partnerships announced in 2022 involving AM materials |
| 16.9. | Partnerships announced in 2022 involving AM Materials |
| 16.10. | Overview - funding for AM materials companies in 2022 |
| 16.11. | AM materials investment overview for 2021 |
| 16.12. | Metal AM Related Acquisitions in 2021 |
| 16.13. | Acquisition spotlight: desktop metal |
| 16.14. | Companies going public in 2021: summary |
| 16.15. | Companies going public in 2021 by type |
| 16.16. | Companies going public in 2021: SPAC vs IPO |
| 16.17. | Valuations vs revenue at time of SPAC merger |
| 16.18. | Stock performance: Markforged and Desktop Metal |
| 16.19. | AM materials funding in 2021 by company type |
| 16.20. | AM materials funding in 2021 by country |
| 16.21. | AM materials funding in 2021 by material type |
| 16.22. | Top 11 AM materials-related fundraising rounds in 2021 |
| 16.23. | Metal AM technology segmentation |
| 16.24. | Polymer AM technology segmentation |
| 16.25. | Current market share of materials demand - revenue and mass |
| 17. | MARKET FORECAST |
| 17.1. | Forecast methodology and presentation of findings |
| 17.2. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue and mass |
| 17.3. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue and mass |
| 17.4. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue and mass |
| 17.5. | Polymer materials forecast by feedstock - discussion |
| 17.6. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology - revenue and mass |
| 17.7. | Polymer materials forecast by technology - discussion |
| 17.8. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - revenue and mass |
| 17.9. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - discussion |
| 17.10. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - revenue and mass |
| 17.11. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - discussion |
| 17.12. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - revenue and mass |
| 17.13. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - discussion |
| 17.14. | Metal AM material forecast by technology - revenue and mass |
| 17.15. | Metal AM material forecast by technology - discussion |
| 17.16. | Metal AM material forecast by alloy - revenue and mass |
| 17.17. | Metal AM Material Forecast by Alloy - Discussion |
| 17.18. | Ceramic 3D printing materials usage forecast |
| 17.19. | 3D printing ceramics usage forecast by composition |
| 17.20. | Ceramic 3D printing materials revenue forecast |
| 18. | CONCLUSION |
| 18.1. | Key trends for 3D printing materials |
| 18.2. | Conclusions |
| 18.3. | 3D printing research at IDTechEx |
| 19. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 19.1. | Company profiles |
| 20. | APPENDIX |
| 20.1. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - revenue |
| 20.2. | 3D printing materials forecast by material type - mass |
| 20.3. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock -mass |
| 20.4. | Polymer AM materials forecast by feedstock - revenue |
| 20.5. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology -mass |
| 20.6. | Polymer AM materials forecast by technology - revenue |
| 20.7. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - revenue |
| 20.8. | Photopolymer resins forecast by type - mass |
| 20.9. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type - revenue |
| 20.10. | Thermoplastic filaments forecast by type -mass |
| 20.11. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - revenue |
| 20.12. | Thermoplastic powders forecast by type - mass |
| 20.13. | Metal material forecast by technology - revenue |
| 20.14. | Metal material forecast by technology - mass |
| 20.15. | Metal material forecast by alloy - revenue |
| 20.16. | Metal material forecast by alloy - mass |
| 20.17. | Ceramic 3D printing materials usage forecast |
| 20.18. | 3D printing ceramics usage forecast by composition |
| 20.19. | Ceramic 3D printing materials revenue forecast |