| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Metal Additive Manufacturing: Technology Overview |
| 1.2. | Metal 3D Printing Technologies: Benchmarking Overview |
| 1.3. | Market Forecast for Metal Additive Manufacturing |
| 1.4. | Metal 3D Printing Continues Seeing Innovation |
| 1.5. | Material-Process Relationships |
| 1.6. | Timeline of 3D Printing Metals |
| 1.7. | Drivers and Restraints of Growth for 3D Printing |
| 1.8. | Impact of COVID-19: Summary of Company Perspectives |
| 1.9. | Revenue Recovery from COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 |
| 1.10. | COVID-19 and 3D Printing: Takeaways |
| 1.11. | Metal 3D Printing Investment Overview for 2021 |
| 1.12. | Companies Going Public in 2021: Summary |
| 1.13. | Technology Segmentation |
| 1.14. | Technology Installed Base and Market Share in 2022 |
| 1.15. | Technology Installed Base and Market Share in 2032 |
| 1.16. | Market Share by Mass of Metals Demand by Alloy |
| 1.17. | Metal Hardware Revenue Forecast by Technology |
| 1.18. | Metal Material Forecast By Technology - Revenue and Mass |
| 1.19. | Metal Material Forecast by Technology - Discussion |
| 1.20. | Metal Material Forecast By Alloy - Revenue and Mass |
| 1.21. | Metal Material Forecast by Alloy - Discussion |
| 1.22. | Key Trends in Metal Additive Manufacturing |
| 1.23. | Key Trends in Metal Additive Manufacturing |
| 1.24. | Company Profiles |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Glossary: common acronyms for reference |
| 2.2. | Scope of Report |
| 2.3. | The Different 3D Printing Processes |
| 2.4. | Material-Process Relationships |
| 2.5. | Why Adopt 3D Printing? |
| 2.6. | Timeline of 3D Printing Metals |
| 2.7. | Business Models: Selling Printers vs Parts |
| 2.8. | The Desktop 3D Printer Explosion |
| 2.9. | Drivers and Restraints of Growth for 3D Printing |
| 2.10. | Computer Aided Engineering (CAE): Topology |
| 3. | METAL PRINTING PROCESSES |
| 3.1. | Powder Bed Fusion: Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) |
| 3.2. | Powder Bed Fusion: Electron Beam Melting (EBM) |
| 3.3. | Directed Energy Deposition: Powder |
| 3.4. | Directed Energy Deposition: Wire |
| 3.5. | Binder Jetting: Metal Binder Jetting |
| 3.6. | Binder Jetting: Sand Binder Jetting |
| 3.7. | Sheet Lamination: Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) |
| 4. | NEW METAL PRINTING PROCESSES |
| 4.1. | Emerging Printing Processes - Overview |
| 4.2. | Extrusion: Metal-Polymer Filament (MPFE) |
| 4.3. | Extrusion: Metal-Polymer Pellet |
| 4.4. | Extrusion: Metal Paste |
| 4.5. | Vat Photopolymerisation: Digital Light Processing (DLP) |
| 4.6. | Material Jetting: Nanoparticle Jetting (NPJ) |
| 4.7. | Material Jetting: Magnetohydrodynamic Deposition |
| 4.8. | Material Jetting: Electrochemical Deposition |
| 4.9. | Material Jetting: Cold Spray |
| 4.10. | Binder Jetting Advancements |
| 4.11. | Developments in PBF and DED: Energy Sources |
| 4.12. | Developments in PBF and DED: Low-Cost Printers |
| 4.13. | Developments in PBF and DED: New Technologies |
| 4.14. | Processes with a Metal Slurry Feedstock |
| 4.15. | Alternative Emerging DMLS Variations |
| 5. | METAL PRINTERS: COMPARISON AND BENCHMARKING |
| 5.1. | Metal Additive Manufacturing: Technology Overview |
| 5.2. | Benchmarking: Maximum Build Volume |
| 5.3. | Benchmarking: Build Rate |
| 5.4. | Benchmarking: Z Resolution |
| 5.5. | Benchmarking: XY Resolution |
| 5.6. | Benchmarking: Price vs Build Volume |
| 5.7. | Benchmarking: Price vs Build Rate |
| 5.8. | Benchmarking: Price vs Z Resolution |
| 5.9. | Benchmarking: Build Rate vs Build Volume |
| 5.10. | Benchmarking: Build Rate vs Z Resolution |
| 5.11. | Overview of Metal 3D Printing Technologies |
| 5.12. | Maximums & Minimums of Metal 3D Printing Technologies |
| 6. | METAL MATERIALS FOR 3D PRINTING |
| 6.1. | Material feedstock options |
| 6.2. | Powder morphology specifications |
| 6.3. | Water or gas atomisation |
| 6.4. | Plasma atomisation |
| 6.5. | Electrochemical atomisation |
| 6.6. | Powder morphology depends on atomisation process |
| 6.7. | Evaluation of powder manufacturing techniques |
| 6.8. | Supported materials |
| 6.9. | Suppliers of metal powders for AM |
| 6.10. | Suppliers of metal powders for AM |
| 6.11. | Titanium powder - overview |
| 6.12. | Titanium powder - main players |
| 6.13. | Titanium powder - main players |
| 6.14. | Key material start-ups for metal additive manufacturing |
| 6.15. | Recycled titanium feedstocks |
| 6.16. | Metal powder bed fusion post processing |
| 6.17. | Barriers and limitations to using metal powders |
| 7. | COMPATIBLE METAL MATERIALS |
| 7.1. | Alloys and material properties |
| 7.2. | Aluminum and alloys |
| 7.3. | Expanding the Aluminum AM Material Portfolio |
| 7.4. | Copper and bronze |
| 7.5. | 3D Printing with Copper: Huge Potential with Many Challenges |
| 7.6. | Expanding the Copper AM Material Portfolio |
| 7.7. | Current Applications for Copper 3D Printing |
| 7.8. | Cobalt and alloys |
| 7.9. | Nickel alloy: Inconel 625 |
| 7.10. | Nickel alloy: Inconel 718 |
| 7.11. | Precious metals and alloys |
| 7.12. | Maraging Steel 1.2709 |
| 7.13. | 15-5PH Stainless Steel |
| 7.14. | 17-4 PH Stainless Steel |
| 7.15. | 316L stainless steel |
| 7.16. | Titanium and alloys |
| 7.17. | Metal wire feedstocks |
| 7.18. | Metal wire feedstocks |
| 7.19. | Metal + polymer filaments |
| 7.20. | Metal + polymer filaments |
| 7.21. | Metal + polymer filaments: BASF Ultrafuse 316LX |
| 7.22. | Metal + photopolymer resin |
| 7.23. | Metal + photopolymer resin |
| 7.24. | AM of High Entropy Alloys |
| 7.25. | AM of amorphous alloys |
| 7.26. | Emerging aluminium alloys and MMCs |
| 7.27. | Multi-material solutions |
| 7.28. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials |
| 7.29. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials |
| 8. | KEY APPLICATIONS OF METAL 3D PRINTING |
| 8.1. | Aerospace and defence |
| 8.1.1. | GE Aviation: LEAP Fuel Nozzles |
| 8.1.2. | GE Aviation: Next-Gen RISE Engine |
| 8.1.3. | GE Aviation: Bleed Air Parts and Turboprop Engines |
| 8.1.4. | GE Aviation and Boeing 777X: GE9X Engines |
| 8.1.5. | Boeing 787 Dreamliner: Ti-6Al-4V Structures |
| 8.1.6. | Boeing: Gearboxes for Chinook Helicopters |
| 8.1.7. | Boeing and Maxar Technologies: Satellites |
| 8.1.8. | Airbus and Eutelsat: Satellites |
| 8.1.9. | Autodesk and Airbus: Optimised Partition Wall |
| 8.1.10. | Airbus: Bracket |
| 8.1.11. | RUAG Space and Altair: Antenna Mount |
| 8.1.12. | Hofmann: Oxygen Supply Tube |
| 8.1.13. | Relativity Space: Rockets |
| 8.1.14. | OEM AM Strategy - GE |
| 8.1.15. | OEM AM Strategy - Airbus |
| 8.1.16. | OEM AM Strategy - Boeing |
| 8.2. | Medical and dental |
| 8.3. | Most Popular 3D Printing Technologies in Healthcare |
| 8.4. | 3D Printing Custom Plates, Implants, Valves and Stents |
| 8.5. | Titanium Alloy Powders |
| 8.6. | Case Study: Hip Replacement Revision Surgery |
| 8.7. | Case Study: Canine Cranial Plate in Titanium |
| 8.8. | Implantable Dental Devices and Prostheses |
| 8.9. | Case Study: Mandibular Reconstructive Surgery |
| 8.10. | Parts for Ventilators |
| 9. | MAJOR PLAYER UPDATES |
| 9.1. | 3D Systems |
| 9.2. | HP 3D Printing |
| 9.3. | GE Additive |
| 9.4. | EOS |
| 9.5. | Optomec |
| 9.6. | Renishaw Metal 3D Printing |
| 9.7. | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation |
| 10. | PART PRODUCTION SERVICES FOR METAL 3D PRINTING |
| 10.1. | Part Production Services for Metal 3D Printing |
| 10.2. | Part Manufacturers using Proprietary Technology |
| 10.3. | Metal AM Companies for In-House Part Production |
| 10.4. | What Does a Service Bureau Do? |
| 10.5. | Value Proposition Behind Service Bureaus |
| 10.6. | Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) |
| 10.7. | Notable Metal AM-Focused Service Bureaus |
| 10.8. | Challenges Facing Service Bureaus |
| 10.9. | Outlook for 3D Printing Service Bureaus |
| 11. | COVID-19 ANALYSIS |
| 11.1. | Impact of COVID-19: Summary of Company Perspectives |
| 11.2. | Impact of COVID-19: Company Perspectives |
| 11.3. | Quarterly Revenues - Binder Jetting |
| 11.4. | Quarterly Revenues - Metal Powder Bed Fusion |
| 11.5. | Quarterly Revenues - Service Providers |
| 11.6. | Quarterly Revenues - Newly Public Companies |
| 11.7. | Revenue Recovery from COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 |
| 11.8. | Revenues for First 3 Quarters: 2019-2021 |
| 11.9. | COVID-19 and 3D Printing: Takeaways |
| 12. | MARKET ANALYSIS |
| 12.1. | Metal 3D Printing Investment Overview for 2021 |
| 12.2. | Metal AM Related Acquisitions in 2021 |
| 12.3. | Acquisition Spotlight: Desktop Metal |
| 12.4. | Companies Going Public in 2021: Summary |
| 12.5. | Companies Going Public in 2021 by Company Type |
| 12.6. | Printer Companies Going Public in 2021 by Material |
| 12.7. | Companies Going Public in 2021: SPAC vs IPO |
| 12.8. | Valuations vs Revenues at time of SPAC Merger |
| 12.9. | Stock Performance - Markforged and Desktop Metal |
| 12.10. | Metal 3D Printing Funding in 2021 by Company Type |
| 12.11. | Metal 3D Printing Funding in 2021 by Country |
| 12.12. | Metal 3D Printing-Specific Fundraising Rounds in 2021 |
| 12.13. | Software Fundraising Rounds in 2021 |
| 12.14. | 3D Printing Hardware Historic Revenue Growth |
| 12.15. | Evolution of Market Shares for Printing Processes |
| 12.16. | Market Share for Printing Processes by Company |
| 12.17. | Metal 3D Printing Hardware Revenue by Region |
| 12.18. | Technology Segmentation |
| 12.19. | Technology Installed Base and Market Share in 2022 |
| 12.20. | Technology Installed Base and Market Share in 2032 |
| 12.21. | Market Share by Mass of Metals Demand by Alloy |
| 12.22. | Material Revenue Per Metal Printer by Technology |
| 13. | PRINTERS AND MATERIALS: MARKET FORECASTS |
| 13.1. | Forecast Methodology |
| 13.2. | Market Forecast for Metal Additive Manufacturing |
| 13.3. | Metal Printer Install Base By Technology |
| 13.4. | Metal Hardware Revenue Forecast by Technology |
| 13.5. | Metal Material Forecast By Technology - Revenue and Mass |
| 13.6. | Metal Material Forecast by Technology - Discussion |
| 13.7. | Metal Material Forecast By Alloy - Revenue and Mass |
| 13.8. | Metal Material Forecast by Alloy - Discussion |
| 14. | CONCLUSIONS |
| 14.1. | Key Trends in Metal Additive Manufacturing |
| 14.2. | Metal 3D printing continues seeing innovation |
| 15. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 15.1. | Access to 76 IDTechEx portal company profiles |
| 16. | APPENDIX |
| 16.1. | Market Forecast for Metal Additive Manufacturing |
| 16.2. | Metal Printer Install Base By Technology |
| 16.3. | Metal Hardware Revenue Forecast by Technology |
| 16.4. | Metal Material Forecast By Technology - Revenue |
| 16.5. | Metal Material Forecast By Technology - Mass |
| 16.6. | Metal Material Forecast By Alloy - Revenue |
| 16.7. | Metal Material Forecast By Alloy - Mass |