| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | Types of Joining Materials | 
| 1.2. | Benefits of ECAs | 
| 1.3. | Drawbacks of ECAs | 
| 1.4. | SWOT analysis of ECAs | 
| 1.5. | Types of ECA manufacturers | 
| 1.6. | Applications of ECAs | 
| 1.7. | Common Materials choices for ECAs | 
| 1.8. | Key properties of ECAs | 
| 1.9. | ICAs and ACAs | 
| 1.10. | The future of ICAs and ACAs | 
| 1.11. | Which manufacturers create which products? | 
| 1.12. | Usage of different filler materials | 
| 1.13. | Usage of different Resins | 
| 1.14. | Types of Innovation in ECAs | 
| 1.15. | Overview of applications | 
| 1.16. | ECA Adoption for Multiple Applications | 
| 1.17. | Roadmap: Emerging applications for ECAs | 
| 1.18. | Specialisation of ECAs | 
| 1.19. | Global ECA market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION | 
| 2.1. | What are Electrically Conductive Adhesives? | 
| 2.1.1. | Types of Joining Materials | 
| 2.1.2. | Structure of Electrically Conductive Adhesives | 
| 2.1.3. | Schematic of Interconnects | 
| 2.1.4. | Benefits of ECAs | 
| 2.1.5. | Drawbacks of ECAs | 
| 2.1.6. | The cost of ECAs | 
| 2.1.7. | SWOT analysis of ECAs | 
| 2.2. | Market Analysis | 
| 2.2.1. | Types of ECA manufacturers | 
| 2.2.2. | ECA manufacturer overview | 
| 2.2.3. | Major Multinational Suppliers: Summary | 
| 2.2.4. | Mid-Sized Suppliers: Summary | 
| 2.2.5. | Small Boutique Suppliers: Summary | 
| 2.2.6. | Market fragmentation | 
| 2.2.7. | Investigating the market leader: Henkel | 
| 2.2.8. | Customisablity of ECAs | 
| 2.2.9. | Summary of differences between large and small suppliers | 
| 2.3. | An overview of applications of Electrically Conductive Adhesives (ECAs) | 
| 2.3.1. | Applications of ECAs | 
| 2.3.2. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications | 
| 2.3.3. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications | 
| 2.4. | Overview of materials and properties of ECAs | 
| 2.4.1. | Finding the Correct Formulation | 
| 2.4.2. | Key Statistics for ECA choice | 
| 2.4.3. | Common Materials choices for ECAs | 
| 2.4.4. | Key properties of ECAs | 
| 2.5. | An overview of conductive joining technologies | 
| 2.5.1. | Lead based solder | 
| 2.5.2. | Wave and Reflow soldering | 
| 2.5.3. | The need to replace lead based solders | 
| 2.5.4. | Alternate conductive joining technologies | 
| 2.5.5. | Taxonomy of conductive joining materials | 
| 2.5.6. | Principles of Electrically Conductive Adhesives | 
| 2.5.7. | Typical properties of ECAs versus lead based solders | 
| 2.5.8. | ECAs: pros and cons | 
| 2.5.9. | Silver Sintering | 
| 2.5.10. | Silver Sintering: pros and cons | 
| 2.5.11. | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering | 
| 2.5.12. | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering: pros and cons | 
| 2.5.13. | Non-lead based solders | 
| 2.5.14. | Common lead free solder systems | 
| 2.5.15. | Novel soldering systems | 
| 2.5.16. | NovaCentrix: Photonic soldering | 
| 2.5.17. | SAFI-Tech: Low temperature full metal interconnects with liquid metal solder microcapsules | 
| 2.5.18. | Non-lead based solders: pros and cons | 
| 2.5.19. | Comparison of die attach techniques | 
| 2.5.20. | The lack of a "one-size fits all" technique | 
| 3. | ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITY | 
| 3.1.1. | ICAs and ACAs | 
| 3.1.2. | Pros and Cons of ACAs (compared to ICAs) | 
| 3.1.3. | The future of ICAs and ACAs | 
| 3.1.4. | Global ECA market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 3.1.5. | Global ECA forecast by proportion of ECA type | 
| 3.1.6. | Films vs pastes | 
| 3.1.7. | Which manufacturers create which products? | 
| 3.2. | Isotropically conductive adhesives (ICAs) | 
| 3.2.1. | Isotropically conductive adhesives | 
| 3.2.2. | Percolation threshold | 
| 3.2.3. | Underfill | 
| 3.2.4. | Global ICA market forecast by Application sector | 
| 3.3. | Anisotropically conductive adhesives (ACAs) | 
| 3.3.1. | Anisotropically conductive adhesives | 
| 3.3.2. | Fundamentals of ACAs | 
| 3.3.3. | Schematic showing the procedure required to form an anisotropically conductive joint | 
| 3.3.4. | Global ACP market forecast by Application sector | 
| 3.3.5. | Global ACF market forecast by Application sector | 
| 4. | THE CONDUCTIVE FILLER | 
| 4.1.1. | Filler materials overview | 
| 4.1.2. | Usage of different filler materials | 
| 4.1.3. | Company approaches to different filler materials | 
| 4.1.4. | Filler materials selection | 
| 4.2. | Properties required of the conductive filler | 
| 4.2.1. | Intrinsic properties required of the conductive filler | 
| 4.2.2. | Extrinsic properties of the filler materials | 
| 4.3. | Filler material options | 
| 4.3.1. | Filler Materials Choices - Conventional Metals | 
| 4.3.2. | Filler Materials properties in ECAs | 
| 4.3.3. | Silver migration | 
| 4.3.4. | Costs of Silver and Gold | 
| 4.3.5. | Filler materials choices - Metal Alternatives | 
| 4.4. | Filler material morphology | 
| 4.4.1. | Availability of different filler morphologies | 
| 4.4.2. | Filler materials morphology | 
| 4.4.3. | Anisotropic connections via particle morphology | 
| 4.4.4. | Conductive metal coatings | 
| 4.4.5. | Types of bulk core | 
| 4.4.6. | Protective polymer coatings | 
| 4.4.7. | Polymer filler and protective coat | 
| 5. | THE STRUCTURAL RESIN | 
| 5.1.1. | Resin Materials Overview | 
| 5.1.2. | Usage of different Resins | 
| 5.1.3. | Company approaches to different resin materials | 
| 5.1.4. | Resin materials selection | 
| 5.2. | Properties required of the resin material | 
| 5.2.1. | Fundamentals of polymer chain chemistry | 
| 5.2.2. | Thermoplastics and thermosets | 
| 5.2.3. | Properties for the Polymer Resin | 
| 5.2.4. | Properties of the filler materials | 
| 5.3. | Resin material options | 
| 5.3.1. | Matrix Materials Choices | 
| 5.3.2. | Matrix Materials properties in ECAs | 
| 6. | UTILISATION OF ECAS: A STEP BY STEP PROCESS | 
| 6.1.1. | Overview of the application process | 
| 6.2. | Application techniques for ECAs | 
| 6.2.1. | Application techniques | 
| 6.2.2. | Dispensing | 
| 6.2.3. | Screen Printing | 
| 6.2.4. | Inkjetting | 
| 6.3. | Curing of ECAs | 
| 6.3.1. | The Importance of Curing | 
| 6.3.2. | Hierarchy of conductive joining materials | 
| 6.3.3. | Thermal Cure | 
| 6.3.4. | Issues with curing | 
| 6.3.5. | Non-thermal curing (2 component systems) | 
| 6.3.6. | Time and Temperature relations in curing | 
| 6.3.7. | Cure Schedule and Adhesive Properties | 
| 6.3.8. | Temperature profiles during curing | 
| 6.3.9. | Polymer TTT curve | 
| 6.4. | Storage of ECAs | 
| 6.4.1. | Shelf life, Pot Life and Work Life | 
| 6.4.2. | Storage and refrigeration of ECAs | 
| 6.5. | Component design and testing with ECAs | 
| 6.5.1. | Component termination design | 
| 6.5.2. | Optical inspection and testing of ECA connections | 
| 6.5.3. | Alternate inspection and testing of ECA connections | 
| 6.5.4. | Rework and repair of joints | 
| 6.5.5. | Replacement of joints | 
| 6.6. | Failure Methods of ECAs | 
| 6.6.1. | Failure mechanisms of ECAs | 
| 6.6.2. | Resin Driven Failure Mechanisms | 
| 6.6.3. | Non - Resin Driven Failure Mechanisms | 
| 7. | EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN ECAS | 
| 7.1.1. | Types of Innovation in ECAs | 
| 7.1.2. | Major Multinational Suppliers: Innovation and Development | 
| 7.1.3. | Mid-Sized Suppliers: Innovation and Development | 
| 7.1.4. | Smaller Boutique Suppliers: Innovation and Development | 
| 7.1.5. | Summary of Different Technical Innovations | 
| 7.1.6. | Readiness level: Component attachment materials | 
| 7.2. | Emerging Technologies in Isotropically Conductive Adhesives (ICAs) | 
| 7.2.1. | Innovations in ICAs | 
| 7.2.2. | Summary of Technologies in ICA | 
| 7.2.3. | ICA films | 
| 7.2.4. | The benefits of Isotropic Conductive Films (ICF) | 
| 7.2.5. | The future of ICF | 
| 7.2.6. | Semi-Sintering ICA pastes | 
| 7.2.7. | Metal / Glass pastes | 
| 7.3. | Emerging Technologies in Anisotropically Conductive Films (ACFs) | 
| 7.3.1. | Innovations in ACFs | 
| 7.3.2. | Summary of Technologies in ACF | 
| 7.3.3. | Electrically aligned ACF (CondAlign) | 
| 7.3.4. | CondAlign | 
| 7.3.5. | Mechanically aligned ACF (Dexerials) | 
| 7.3.6. | Dexerials | 
| 7.3.7. | Emerging Technologies in Anisotropically Conductive Pastes (ACPs) | 
| 7.3.8. | Innovations in ACPs | 
| 7.3.9. | Summary of Technologies in ACP | 
| 7.3.10. | Magnetically aligned ACA (SunRay Scientific) | 
| 7.3.11. | SunRay Scientific | 
| 7.3.12. | Nopion | 
| 8. | APPLICATIONS OF ECAS | 
| 8.1.1. | Applications of ECAs | 
| 8.1.2. | Overview of applications | 
| 8.1.3. | ECA Adoption for Multiple Applications | 
| 8.1.4. | Roadmap: Emerging applications for ECAs | 
| 8.1.5. | Specialisation of ECAs | 
| 8.1.6. | Applications which require greater specialisation | 
| 8.1.7. | Applications which require slight specialisation | 
| 8.1.8. | The limits of ECA applications | 
| 8.1.9. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications | 
| 8.1.10. | Summary of Pros and Cons for Various Applications | 
| 8.1.11. | Global ECA market forecast by Application sector | 
| 8.1.12. | Global ICA market forecast by Application sector | 
| 8.1.13. | Global ACP market forecast by Application sector | 
| 8.1.14. | Global ACF market forecast by Application sector | 
| 8.2. | Consumer electronics | 
| 8.2.1. | A summary of ECAs in consumer electronics applications | 
| 8.2.2. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 8.2.3. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 8.2.4. | Global ICA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 8.2.5. | Global ACA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 8.2.6. | The Consumer Electronics Industry | 
| 8.2.7. | Circuit board attachment in Consumer Electronics | 
| 8.2.8. | Mounting of Crystal devices | 
| 8.2.9. | Crystal Device Mounts - Fujikura Kasei | 
| 8.2.10. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Consumer Electronics Applications | 
| 8.2.11. | SWOT analysis of ECA in Consumer electronics applications | 
| 8.3. | Automotive | 
| 8.3.1. | A summary of ECAs in automotive electronics applications | 
| 8.3.2. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 8.3.3. | Types of automotive vehicle by engine type | 
| 8.3.4. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type | 
| 8.3.5. | Global ICA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type | 
| 8.3.6. | Global ACA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type | 
| 8.3.7. | The potential of Automotive Electronics Applications | 
| 8.3.8. | Uses of ECAs within a vehicle | 
| 8.3.9. | Use of ECAs in automotive circuit boards | 
| 8.3.10. | ECAs in Advanced automotive sensors | 
| 8.3.11. | Automotive display applications | 
| 8.3.12. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Automotive Electronics Applications | 
| 8.3.13. | SWOT analysis of ECA in automotive electronics applications | 
| 8.4. | Aerospace | 
| 8.4.1. | A summary of ECAs in aerospace electronics applications | 
| 8.4.2. | Global ECA aerospace electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 8.4.3. | The use of ECAs in Aerospace applications | 
| 8.4.4. | Structural Electronics in the aerospace industry | 
| 8.4.5. | Structural Adhesives - Luna Innovations | 
| 8.4.6. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Aerospace Electronics Applications | 
| 8.4.7. | SWOT analysis of ECA in aerospace electronics applications | 
| 8.5. | Displays | 
| 8.5.1. | A summary of ECAs in display technology applications | 
| 8.5.2. | Global ECA for display applications market forecast | 
| 8.5.3. | ECAs for Display Applications | 
| 8.5.4. | Examples of display applications | 
| 8.5.5. | A schematic of display interconnections | 
| 8.5.6. | Prevalence of different display technologies | 
| 8.5.7. | Automotive display applications | 
| 8.5.8. | ACFs for Display attachment - Dexerials | 
| 8.5.9. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Display Applications | 
| 8.5.10. | SWOT analysis of ECA in display applications | 
| 8.6. | EMI Shielding | 
| 8.6.1. | A summary of ECAs in EMI shielding applications | 
| 8.6.2. | Global ECA for EMI shielding market forecast | 
| 8.6.3. | EMI shielding effects | 
| 8.6.4. | ECA differences for EMI Shielding | 
| 8.6.5. | The demands of EMI shielding | 
| 8.6.6. | EMI Shielding: Adhesives vs Sealants | 
| 8.6.7. | Joint Configurations of EMI shielding | 
| 8.6.8. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding | 
| 8.6.9. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding - Lap Shear Strength | 
| 8.6.10. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding - Bond Line Thickness | 
| 8.6.11. | Mechanical Requirements of EMI Shielding - Flexibility | 
| 8.6.12. | Electrical Requirements of EMI Shielding | 
| 8.6.13. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in EMI Shielding Applications | 
| 8.6.14. | SWOT analysis of ECA in EMI Shielding applications | 
| 8.7. | Photovoltaics | 
| 8.7.1. | A summary of ECAs in Photovoltaic applications | 
| 8.7.2. | Global ECA for photovoltaic applications market forecast | 
| 8.7.3. | The potential use of ECAs in photovoltaic applications | 
| 8.7.4. | Development of ECAs for PV cells | 
| 8.7.5. | Shingled PV cells | 
| 8.7.6. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Photovoltaic Applications | 
| 8.7.7. | SWOT analysis of ECAs in PV cell applications | 
| 8.8. | Printed and Flexible Electronics | 
| 8.8.1. | A summary of ECAs in printed and flexible electronics applications | 
| 8.8.2. | Global ECA for printed and flexible electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 8.8.3. | The potential for ECAs in Printed Electronics | 
| 8.8.4. | Trend towards low temperature substrates for printed/flexible electronics | 
| 8.8.5. | Example of conductive adhesives on flexible substrates | 
| 8.8.6. | Component attachment for flexible hybrid electronics | 
| 8.8.7. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Flexible and Printed Electronics Applications | 
| 8.8.8. | SWOT analysis of ECA in flexible and printed electronics applications | 
| 8.9. | Wearables | 
| 8.9.1. | A summary of ECAs in wearable electronics applications | 
| 8.9.2. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 8.9.3. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 8.9.4. | Global ICA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 8.9.5. | Global ACA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 8.9.6. | What are Wearable Technologies? | 
| 8.9.7. | Historic Wearable Technology Market Forecast | 
| 8.9.8. | The two types of ECAs in wearable applications | 
| 8.9.9. | Schematics of ECAs in wearable applications | 
| 8.9.10. | Component/Component ECAs in wearable electronics | 
| 8.9.11. | ICA vs ACA in wearable applications | 
| 8.9.12. | Adhesives Research - AR | 
| 8.9.13. | Creative Materials | 
| 8.9.14. | Dycotec | 
| 8.9.15. | Component/Component attach ECAs development | 
| 8.9.16. | What are electrode/skin attach adhesives? | 
| 8.9.17. | Why are E/S adhesives needed? | 
| 8.9.18. | Product areas with body-worn electrodes | 
| 8.9.19. | Differences between wet and dry electrodes | 
| 8.9.20. | Wet vs dry electrodes schematic | 
| 8.9.21. | Medical Adhesive Technologies | 
| 8.9.22. | Development areas for hydrogel adhesives | 
| 8.9.23. | Lohmann Tapes: Key Factors | 
| 8.9.24. | Sekisui Kasei & ST-gel | 
| 8.9.25. | Henkel: ECG arrangements | 
| 8.9.26. | CondAlign: Electrode Attachment | 
| 8.9.27. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in Wearable Applications | 
| 8.9.28. | SWOT analysis of ECA in Wearable Applications | 
| 8.10. | RFID | 
| 8.10.1. | A summary of ECAs in RFID applications | 
| 8.10.2. | Global ECA for RFID market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 8.10.3. | What is RFID? | 
| 8.10.4. | ECAs for use in RFID | 
| 8.10.5. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in RFID Applications | 
| 8.10.6. | SWOT analysis of ECA in RFID applications | 
| 8.11. | In-mold Electronics | 
| 8.11.1. | A summary of ECAs in In-mold electronics applications | 
| 8.11.2. | Global ECA for In-mold electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 8.11.3. | The potential for ECAs in In-mold Electronics | 
| 8.11.4. | A summary of the In-mold electronics process | 
| 8.11.5. | Challenges of In-mold Electronics | 
| 8.11.6. | Surviving the IME process | 
| 8.11.7. | Desirable Properties of an ECA for use in In-mold Electronics Applications | 
| 8.11.8. | SWOT analysis of ECA for IME applications | 
| 9. | FORECASTS | 
| 9.1.1. | Global ECA market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 9.1.2. | Global ECA forecast by proportional of ECA type | 
| 9.1.3. | Global ECA market forecast by Application sector | 
| 9.1.4. | Global ICA market forecast by Application sector | 
| 9.1.5. | Global ACP market forecast by Application sector | 
| 9.1.6. | Global ACF market forecast by Application sector | 
| 9.1.7. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 9.1.8. | Global ECA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 9.1.9. | Global ICA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 9.1.10. | Global ACA consumer electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 9.1.11. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 9.1.12. | Global ECA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type | 
| 9.1.13. | Global ICA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type | 
| 9.1.14. | Global ACA automotive electronics market forecast by vehicle type | 
| 9.1.15. | Global ECA aerospace electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 9.1.16. | Global ECA for display applications market forecast | 
| 9.1.17. | Global ECA for EMI shielding market forecast | 
| 9.1.18. | Global ECA for photovoltaic applications market forecast | 
| 9.1.19. | Global ECA for printed and flexible electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 9.1.20. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 9.1.21. | Global ECA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 9.1.22. | Global ICA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 9.1.23. | Global ACA wearable electronics market forecast by final product type | 
| 9.1.24. | Global ECA for RFID market forecast by type of ECA | 
| 9.1.25. | Global ECA for In-mold electronics market forecast by type of ECA |