| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | The evolving form factor of electronics | 
| 1.2. | Technology Readiness Chart: by technology | 
| 1.3. | Number of products containing stretchable electronic features | 
| 1.4. | Revenue from stretchable electronics | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION | 
| 2.1. | Definitions and inclusions | 
| 2.2. | Stretchable electronics: Where is the money so far? | 
| 2.3. | Why do we need stretchable electronics? | 
| 2.4. | Characterising a stretchable substrate | 
| 2.5. | Conformal electronic functionality on custom shapes | 
| 2.6. | Smart skin | 
| 2.7. | Megatrends | 
| 2.8. | The megatrend towards ubiquitous electronics | 
| 2.9. | Our ubiquitous electronics will be stretchable | 
| 2.10. | Technology Readiness Chart: by technology | 
| 3. | STRETCHABLE ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) | 
| 3.1. | Electronic Textiles (E-Textiles) | 
| 3.2. | Most conductive fibres are not stretchable (with exceptions) | 
| 3.3. | Examples of traditional conductive fibres | 
| 3.4. | Academic exceptions: UT, Dallas: SEBS / NTS stretchable wires | 
| 3.5. | Academic exceptions: Sungkyunkwan University - PU & Ag nanoflowers | 
| 3.6. | Academic exceptions:MIT: Stretch sensors using CNTs on polybutyrate | 
| 3.7. | Yarns for stretchable electronics | 
| 3.8. | Commercial wire-based stretchable yarns | 
| 3.9. | Hybrid yarns can be conductive, elastic and comfortable | 
| 3.10. | Conductive yarns from Natural Fibre Welding | 
| 3.11. | Stretchable electronic fabrics | 
| 3.12. | Examples of stretchable electronic fabric components | 
| 3.13. | Teijin: Piezoelectric yarns for e-textiles | 
| 3.14. | Teijin: electronics-on-a-pin for e-textiles | 
| 3.15. | ITU: stretchable Ag NW fibres | 
| 3.16. | Stretchable fabrics in e-textiles today | 
| 3.17. | Design trends to accommodate stretchable electronics | 
| 4. | STRETCHABLE CONDUCTIVE INKS | 
| 4.1. | Stretchable inks: general observations | 
| 4.2. | Stretchable conductive inks on the market (Jujo Chemical, Ash Chemical, EMS/Nagase, Toyobo, DuPont, Henkel, Panasonic, Taiyo, Cemedine, and so on) | 
| 4.3. | Performance of stretchable conductive inks | 
| 4.4. | Evolution and improvements in performance of stretchable conductive inks | 
| 4.5. | The role of particle size and resin in stretchable inks | 
| 4.6. | The role of pattern design in stretchable conductive inks | 
| 4.7. | Washability for stretchable conductive inks | 
| 4.8. | DuPont: latest progress in stretchable conductive inks | 
| 4.9. | Encapsulation choice for stretchable inks | 
| 4.10. | The role of the encapsulant in supressing resistivity changes | 
| 4.11. | The role of a common substrate for stretchable inks in e-textiles | 
| 4.12. | Graphene-based stretchable conductive inks | 
| 4.13. | Graphene heaters in electronic textiles | 
| 4.14. | Examples of stretchable conductive inks in e-textiles | 
| 4.15. | Examples of e-textile sports products made using conductive yarns | 
| 4.16. | PEDOT-impregnated fabric for e-textiles | 
| 4.17. | CNT heaters for photovoltaic defrosting | 
| 4.18. | DuPont: Application Examples | 
| 5. | IN-MOLD ELECTRONICS: AN ASSESSMENT | 
| 5.1. | What is in-mold electronics? | 
| 5.2. | IME: 3D friendly process for circuit making | 
| 5.3. | What is the in-mold electronic process? | 
| 5.4. | Comments on requirements | 
| 5.5. | Conductive ink requirements for in-mold electronics | 
| 5.6. | New ink requirements: stretchability | 
| 5.7. | Evolution and improvements in performance of stretchable conductive inks | 
| 5.8. | Performance of stretchable conductive inks | 
| 5.9. | The role of particle size in stretchable inks | 
| 5.10. | The role of resin in stretchable inks | 
| 5.11. | New ink requirements: portfolio approach | 
| 5.12. | Diversity of material portfolio | 
| 5.13. | New ink requirements: surviving heat stress | 
| 5.14. | New ink requirements: stability | 
| 5.15. | All materials in the stack must be reliable | 
| 5.16. | Design: general observations | 
| 5.17. | Expanding range of functional materials Here we will show that IME compatible functional materials are progressing beyond just conductive inks | 
| 5.18. | Stretchable carbon nanotube transparent conducting films | 
| 5.19. | Prototype examples of carbon nanotube in-mold transparent conductive films | 
| 5.20. | Prototype examples of in-mold and stretchable PEDOT:PSS transparent conductive films | 
| 5.21. | In-mold and stretchable metal mesh transparent conductive films | 
| 5.22. | Other in-mold transparent conductive film technologies | 
| 5.23. | Beyond IME conductive inks: adhesives | 
| 5.24. | Towards more complex devices such as sensors, actuators and displays | 
| 5.25. | Beyond conductive inks: thermoformed polymeric actuator? | 
| 5.26. | Thermoformed 3D shaped reflective LCD display | 
| 5.27. | Thermoformed 3D shaped RGD AMOLED with LTPS | 
| 5.28. | Molding electronics in 3D shaped composites | 
| 5.29. | Overview of applications, commercialization progress, and prototypes | 
| 5.30. | In-mold electronic application: automotive | 
| 5.31. | White goods, medical and industrial control (HMI) | 
| 5.32. | Is IME commercial yet? | 
| 5.33. | First (ALMOST) success story: overhead console in cars | 
| 5.34. | Commercial products: wearable technology | 
| 5.35. | Automotive: direct heating of headlamp plastic covers | 
| 5.36. | Automotive: human machine interfaces | 
| 5.37. | White goods: human machine interfaces | 
| 5.38. | Functional material suppliers | 
| 5.39. | In mold electronics: emerging value chain | 
| 5.40. | Stretchable conductive ink suppliers multiply | 
| 5.41. | IME conductive ink suppliers multiply | 
| 5.42. | Competing Technologies | 
| 5.43. | Printing directly on a 3D surface? | 
| 5.44. | Aerosol: how does it work? | 
| 5.45. | Applications of aerosol | 
| 5.46. | Optomec: update on market leader | 
| 5.47. | Molded Interconnect Devices: Laser Direct Structuring | 
| 5.48. | Applications of laser direct structuring | 
| 5.49. | Printed PCB: Progress towards rapid PCB prototyping using Ag nanoparticle inks | 
| 5.50. | Printed PCB: New comers enter into 3D printed electronics | 
| 5.51. | Transfer printing: printing test strips & using lamination to compete with IME | 
| 5.52. | IME with functional films made with evaporated lines | 
| 5.53. | Benchmarking different processes (IME, MID, 3DP, aerosol) | 
| 6. | SUBSTRATES FOR STRETCHABLE ELECTRONICS | 
| 6.1. | Substrate choice for stretchable electronics | 
| 6.2. | Panasonic's stretchable insulating resin film with electronic circuits | 
| 6.3. | Nikkan Industries: Stretchable substrate as alternatives to TPU | 
| 6.4. | Panasonic: stretchable substrate | 
| 7. | STRETCHABLE SENSORS | 
| 7.1. | Introduction | 
| 7.2. | High-strain sensors (capacitive) | 
| 7.3. | Use of dielectric electroactive polymers (EAPs) | 
| 7.4. | Players with EAPs: Parker Hannifin | 
| 7.5. | Players with EAPs: Stretchsense | 
| 7.6. | Players with EAPs: Bando Chemical | 
| 7.7. | C Stretch Bando: Progress on stretchable sensors | 
| 7.8. | Other force sensors (capacitive & resistive) | 
| 7.9. | Force sensor examples: Polymatech | 
| 7.10. | Force sensor examples: Sensing Tex | 
| 7.11. | Force sensor examples: Vista Medical | 
| 7.12. | Force sensor examples: InnovationLab | 
| 7.13. | Force sensor examples: Tacterion | 
| 7.14. | Force sensor example: Yamaha and Kureha | 
| 7.15. | Force sensor examples: BeBop Sensors | 
| 7.16. | Stretchability within skin patch sensors | 
| 7.17. | Example: Stretchability in chemical sensors | 
| 7.18. | Example: Stretchability in body-worn electrodes | 
| 7.19. | Academic examples: UNIST, Korea | 
| 7.20. | Academic examples: Stanford University | 
| 7.21. | Academic examples: Bio-integrated electronics for cardiac therapy | 
| 7.22. | Academic examples: Instrumented surgical catheters using electronics on balloons | 
| 8. | THERMOFORMED POLYMERIC ACTUATOR | 
| 8.1. | Thermoformed polymeric actuator? | 
| 8.2. | Kurary: flexible transparent piezoelectric actuator films | 
| 9. | ENERGY STORAGE: STRETCHABLE BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS | 
| 9.1. | Realization of batteries' mechanical properties | 
| 9.2. | Material-derived stretchability | 
| 9.3. | Comparison between flexible and traditional Li-ion batteries | 
| 9.4. | Device-design-derived stretchability | 
| 9.5. | Cable-type battery developed by LG Chem | 
| 9.6. | Electrode design & architecture: important for different applications | 
| 9.7. | Large-area multi-stacked textile battery for flexible and rollable applications | 
| 9.8. | Stretchable lithium-ion battery — use spring-like lines | 
| 9.9. | Foldable kirigami lithium-ion battery developed by Arizona State University | 
| 9.10. | Fibre-shaped lithium-ion battery that can be woven into electronic textiles | 
| 9.11. | Stretchable Supercapacitors | 
| 10. | STRETCHABLE ENERGY HARVESTING | 
| 10.1. | Stretchable capacitive energy harvesting up to 1 kW? | 
| 10.2. | Stretchable triboelectric energy harvesting | 
| 10.3. | Piezoelectric nano-generators | 
| 11. | STRETCHABLE OR EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS BOARDS | 
| 11.1. | Stretchable or extremely flexible circuit boards | 
| 11.2. | Examples of thin and flexible PCBs in wearable and display applications | 
| 11.3. | Examples of thin and flexible PCBs in various applications | 
| 11.4. | Printed pliable and stretchable circuit boards | 
| 11.5. | Stretchable meandering interconnects | 
| 11.6. | Stretchable printed circuits boards | 
| 11.7. | Examples of fully circuits on stretchable PCBs | 
| 11.8. | Stretchable Electronics from Fraunhofer IZM | 
| 11.9. | Stretchable actually-printed electronic circuits/systems | 
| 11.10. | Island approach to high-performance stretchable electronics | 
| 11.11. | Examples | 
| 12. | STRETCHABLE BACKPLANES, DISPLAYS AND LIGHTING | 
| 12.1. | Strategies towards stretchable backplanes and displays | 
| 12.2. | Towards stretchable backplanes, displays, and lighting: Intrinsically stretchable materials | 
| 12.3. | Stretchable electrophoretic display | 
| 12.4. | Giant stretchability in electroluminescent (EL) light sources | 
| 12.5. | Highly stretchable electroluminescent light | 
| 12.6. | Stretchable polymeric LEC | 
| 12.7. | Highly stretchable SWCNT thin film transistors | 
| 12.8. | Highly stretchable printed TFT for OLED displays | 
| 12.9. | Fully stretchable organic thin film transistors | 
| 12.10. | Stretchable displays | 
| 12.11. | Towards stretchable backplanes, displays, and lighting sources: Rigid islands connected by stretchable regions | 
| 12.12. | Stretchable passive-matrix RGB LED display | 
| 12.13. | A fully printed stretchable platform for electronics including LED matrix displays | 
| 12.14. | General procedures of making high performance IGZO TFT on highly flexible substrate | 
| 12.15. | Highly stretchable IGZO TFTs on stiffness-graded substrates | 
| 12.16. | High performance IGZO TFTs with 50% stretchability | 
| 12.17. | Towards stretchable backplanes, displays, and lighting: Wavy and/or pre-stretched substrates | 
| 12.18. | Ultrathin stretchable polymeric OLED display | 
| 12.19. | Highly stretchable IGZO TFTs on wavy elastomeric substrates | 
| 13. | STRETCHABLE TRANSISTORS | 
| 13.1. | Stretchable thin film transistors | 
| 13.2. | Crystalline stretchable high-performance circuits | 
| 13.3. | Examples of crystalline stretchable high-performance circuits | 
| 13.4. | Latest progress with electronic skin | 
| 13.5. | Artificial skin sensors based on stretchable silicon | 
| 13.6. | Stretchable LED lighting arrays | 
| 13.7. | Ultra-thin flexible silicon chips | 
| 13.8. | Ultra thin silicon wafers: top-down thinning | 
| 13.9. | Ultra thin silicon wafers: Silicon-on-Insulator | 
| 13.10. | Ultra thin silicon wafers: ChipFilmTM approach | 
| 14. | MARKETS | 
| 14.1. | Key markets for stretchable electronics | 
| 14.2. | Skin patches | 
| 14.3. | Apparel | 
| 14.4. | Other textile applications | 
| 14.5. | Medical devices | 
| 14.6. | Consumer electronic devices | 
| 14.7. | Market pilots with early prototypes | 
| 14.8. | The EC STELLA project | 
| 14.9. | Pressure monitoring in an insole | 
| 14.10. | Compression garments | 
| 14.11. | Wireless activity monitor | 
| 15. | FORECASTS | 
| 15.1. | Number of products containing stretchable electronic features | 
| 15.2. | Number of products: stretchable sensors | 
| 15.3. | Number of products: stretchable connectors | 
| 15.4. | Number of products: emerging stretchable components | 
| 15.5. | Number of products: in mold electronics (IME) | 
| 15.6. | Revenue from stretchable electronics | 
| 15.7. | Revenue: Stretchable sensors | 
| 15.8. | Revenue: Stretchable connectors | 
| 15.9. | Revenue: Emerging stretchable components | 
| 15.10. | Revenue: In mold electronics | 
| 16. | COMPANY INTERVIEWS AND PROFILES | 
| 16.1. | Agfa | 
| 16.2. | Bando Chemical | 
| 16.3. | Bebop Sensors | 
| 16.4. | Breath | 
| 16.5. | Canatu | 
| 16.6. | Chasm | 
| 16.7. | Clothing+ (Jabil) | 
| 16.8. | CorTec GmbH | 
| 16.9. | DuPont | 
| 16.10. | EMS/ Nagase | 
| 16.11. | Forciot Ltd | 
| 16.12. | Forster Rohner Textile Innovations | 
| 16.13. | Fujifilm | 
| 16.14. | Fujikura Kasai | 
| 16.15. | Henkel | 
| 16.16. | Heraeus | 
| 16.17. | Hexoskin | 
| 16.18. | Hitachi Chemical | 
| 16.19. | Holst Centre | 
| 16.20. | Infinite Corridor Technology | 
| 16.21. | Liquid Wire | 
| 16.22. | mc10 | 
| 16.23. | Nagase | 
| 16.24. | Ohmatex | 
| 16.25. | Panasonic | 
| 16.26. | Piezotech | 
| 16.27. | Poly-Ink | 
| 16.28. | Polymatech | 
| 16.29. | Sensing Tex | 
| 16.30. | Showa Denko | 
| 16.31. | StretchSense | 
| 16.32. | Tactotek | 
| 16.33. | Textronics (adidas) | 
| 16.34. | T-Ink | 
| 16.35. | Toray | 
| 16.36. | Toyobo | 
| 16.37. | University of Tokyo | 
| 16.38. | Vista Medical | 
| 16.39. | Wearable Life Sciences | 
| 17. | APPENDIX | 
| 17.1. | List of 25 universities mentioned in this report | 
| 17.2. | List of 87 companies mentioned in this report |