| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 
| 1.1. | What are metamaterials? | 
| 1.2. | Segmenting the metamaterial space | 
| 1.3. | A commercial metamaterials ecosystem is becoming established | 
| 1.4. | Readiness levels of metamaterial technologies | 
| 1.5. | Optical metamaterials are expected to dominate EM metamaterial revenue over the next decade | 
| 1.6. | Radio-frequency metamaterials: Introduction | 
| 1.7. | RF metamaterials: Applications and players | 
| 1.8. | Active, hybrid, passive RIS - benchmark | 
| 1.9. | Key use cases of RIS | 
| 1.10. | Challenges in RIS | 
| 1.11. | Technology benchmark of RIS with other smart EM devices | 
| 1.12. | Metamaterials in RIS: SWOT | 
| 1.13. | RIS: Conclusions | 
| 1.14. | Benchmarking metamaterial beamforming radars against industry representatives | 
| 1.15. | Metamaterials in radar beamforming: SWOT | 
| 1.16. | Suitable materials for RF metamaterials by application | 
| 1.17. | RF metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 1.18. | RF metamaterials: Surface area forecast by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 1.19. | Optical metamaterials: An introduction | 
| 1.20. | Optical metamaterials: Applications and players | 
| 1.21. | Current and potential market impact for optical metamaterials | 
| 1.22. | Optical metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 1.23. | Metamaterials are in established use as filters and AR coatings | 
| 1.24. | Assessing the suitability of metamaterial ARCs in various commercial applications | 
| 1.25. | SWOT analysis of metamaterial filters and AR coatings | 
| 1.26. | Metamaterial optical filters and antireflection: Summary | 
| 1.27. | Metamaterial lenses are at the early stage of market introduction | 
| 1.28. | Metamaterial lenses: Drivers and challenges | 
| 1.29. | Segmenting applications of metalenses | 
| 1.30. | Applications of metalenses (I) | 
| 1.31. | Applications of metalenses (II) | 
| 1.32. | Metalenz launches commercial metalenses using existing semiconductor manufacturing methods | 
| 1.33. | More metalens applications are progressing towards market launch | 
| 1.34. | Metamaterial lenses: SWOT analysis | 
| 1.35. | Metalenses: Summary | 
| 1.36. | LiDAR beam steering: Introduction | 
| 1.37. | Metamaterial LiDAR: Drivers | 
| 1.38. | Pure solid-state LiDAR players: OPA & liquid crystal | 
| 1.39. | Metamaterials in LiDAR beam steering: SWOT analysis | 
| 1.40. | Metamaterial LiDAR beam steering: Conclusions | 
| 2. | INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS | 
| 2.1. | What are metamaterials? | 
| 2.2. | Common examples of metamaterials | 
| 2.3. | Segmentation the metamaterial landscape by wavelength | 
| 2.4. | Passive vs active metamaterials | 
| 2.5. | A commercial metamaterials ecosystem is becoming established | 
| 2.6. | Readiness levels of metamaterial technologies | 
| 3. | MARKET FORECASTS | 
| 3.1. | Overview | 
| 3.1.1. | Overview of forecast segments | 
| 3.1.2. | Forecasts included in this report | 
| 3.1.3. | Overall electromagnetic metamaterial market forecasts | 
| 3.1.4. | Forecast summary: electromagnetic metamaterials | 
| 3.2. | RF Metamaterials: Forecasts | 
| 3.2.1. | RF metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 3.2.2. | RF metamaterials: Surface area forecast by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 3.3. | Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS): Forecasts | 
| 3.3.1. | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in telecommunications: Forecasts segments | 
| 3.3.2. | Passive RIS: Forecast methodologies | 
| 3.3.3. | Passive RIS Area (sqm) Forecast 2024-2034 | 
| 3.3.4. | Passive RIS Revenue Forecast 2024-2034 | 
| 3.3.5. | Hybrid RIS: Forecast methodologies | 
| 3.3.6. | Hybrid RIS Area (sqm) Forecast 2024-2034 | 
| 3.3.7. | Hybrid RIS: Forecasts and key trends | 
| 3.3.8. | Active RIS: Forecast methodologies | 
| 3.3.9. | Active RIS Area (sqm) Forecast 2024-2034 | 
| 3.3.10. | Active RIS: Forecast, trends, and assessment | 
| 3.4. | Automotive Radar Beamforming: Forecasts | 
| 3.4.1. | Metamaterials in automotive radar beamforming: Forecast methodology and assumptions | 
| 3.4.2. | Metamaterials in automotive radar: Forecasts and key trends | 
| 3.5. | Optical Metamaterials: Forecasts | 
| 3.5.1. | Optical metamaterials: Annual revenue forecast by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 3.5.2. | Optical metamaterials: Units by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 3.5.3. | Optical metamaterials: Surface area by application, 2024-2034 | 
| 3.6. | Metalenses: Forecasts | 
| 3.6.1. | Metalenses in cameras: Forecast methodology | 
| 3.6.2. | Metalenses in cameras: Forecasts and key trends | 
| 3.6.3. | Geometric phase lenses in near-eye optics for VR: Forecasts and methodology | 
| 3.7. | Metamaterials in LiDAR Beamformers: Forecasts | 
| 3.7.1. | Metamaterials in LiDAR beam-steering: Forecast methodology | 
| 3.7.2. | Metamaterials in LiDAR beam-steering: Forecasts and key trends | 
| 3.8. | Metamaterials in AR Coatings: Forecasts | 
| 3.8.1. | Metamaterial AR coatings for consumer electronics: Forecast methodology | 
| 3.8.2. | Metamaterial AR coatings on photovoltaics: Forecast methodology | 
| 3.8.3. | Metamaterial AR coatings for consumer electronics: Forecasts and key trends | 
| 4. | RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) METAMATERIALS | 
| 4.1. | Overview | 
| 4.1.1. | Radio-frequency metamaterials: Introduction | 
| 4.1.2. | Beamforming today is achieved through phased array antennas | 
| 4.2. | Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) | 
| 4.2.1. | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) | 
| 4.2.2. | RIS operation phases | 
| 4.2.3. | Operational frequency for RIS | 
| 4.2.4. | Possible functionalities of RIS | 
| 4.2.5. | Challenges for fully functionalized RIS environments | 
| 4.2.6. | RIS - Why Do We Need It? | 
| 4.2.7. | RIS: Hardware | 
| 4.2.8. | RIS: Applications and Pre-Commercial Deployment | 
| 4.2.9. | RIS: Transparent Antennas | 
| 4.2.10. | RIS vs Other Smart Electromagnetic (EM) Devices Benchmark | 
| 4.2.11. | RIS: Summary | 
| 4.3. | Radar | 
| 4.3.1. | Metamaterials in radar: Introduction | 
| 4.3.2. | Radar requirements depend on the application | 
| 4.3.3. | Improving angular resolution is a major driver for metamaterial beamforming | 
| 4.3.4. | Other approaches to enhance angular resolution apart from metamaterials | 
| 4.3.5. | Benchmarking metamaterial beamforming radars against industry representatives | 
| 4.3.6. | Metamaterial in radar: Propositions and limitations | 
| 4.3.7. | Metawave: metamaterials for automotive radar startup ceased operations in 2023 | 
| 4.3.8. | Echodyne MESA technology for beamforming radars | 
| 4.3.9. | Echodyne provides radars for security and aerospace | 
| 4.3.10. | Greenerwave uses relatively large features to reduce manufacturing requirements | 
| 4.3.11. | Metamaterials in radar beamforming: SWOT | 
| 4.3.12. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterial radar beamformers | 
| 4.3.13. | Radar beamforming: Conclusions | 
| 4.4. | RF Metamaterials for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding | 
| 4.4.1. | Metamaterials in EMI shielding: Introduction | 
| 4.4.2. | Potential functionalities of metamaterials in EMI shielding | 
| 4.4.3. | Value proposition of metamaterials for EMI shielding | 
| 4.4.4. | Commercial opportunities against value proposition of metamaterials in EMI shielding | 
| 4.4.5. | Meta Materials Inc develop rolling mask lithography | 
| 4.4.6. | Rolling mask lithography: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 4.4.7. | Transparent EMI shielding with metamaterials | 
| 4.4.8. | Transparent EMI shielding in microwave ovens | 
| 4.4.9. | Niche availability may deter consumers | 
| 4.4.10. | Metamaterials: SWOT analysis | 
| 4.4.11. | Porter's five forces analysis of metamaterials in EMI shielding | 
| 4.4.12. | Conclusions: Metamaterials for EMI shielding | 
| 4.5. | Metamaterials for MRI Enhancement | 
| 4.5.1. | Metamaterials for MRI: Introduction | 
| 4.5.2. | MRI enhancement through flexible metamaterials | 
| 4.5.3. | Commercial status of metamaterials in MRI | 
| 4.5.4. | Metamaterials in MRI imaging: SWOT | 
| 4.6. | Metamaterials for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring | 
| 4.6.1. | Non-invasive glucose monitoring: Introduction | 
| 4.6.2. | Meta Materials Inc acquires Mediwise to enter the glucose monitoring market | 
| 4.6.3. | Mediwise patents use of anti-reflective metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing | 
| 4.6.4. | The potential of metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing | 
| 4.6.5. | Metamaterials in non-invasive glucose sensing: SWOT | 
| 4.6.6. | Summary: Metamaterials in medical applications | 
| 4.7. | Materials Selection for RF Metamaterials | 
| 4.7.1. | Materials selection for RF metamaterials: Introduction | 
| 4.7.2. | Benchmark of substrate material properties for antenna substrate | 
| 4.7.3. | Operational frequency ranges by application | 
| 4.7.4. | Comparing relevant substrate materials at low frequencies | 
| 4.7.5. | Suitable materials for RF metamaterials by application | 
| 5. | OPTICAL METAMATERIALS | 
| 5.1. | Overview | 
| 5.1.1. | Optical metamaterials: An introduction | 
| 5.1.2. | Optical metamaterials: Applications and players | 
| 5.1.3. | Current and potential applications of optical metamaterials | 
| 5.1.4. | Current and potential market impact for optical metamaterials | 
| 5.2. | Optical Filters and Antireflective Coatings | 
| 5.2.1. | Metamaterials as EM filters: Introduction | 
| 5.2.2. | Bragg reflectors are an established example of 1D metamaterials | 
| 5.2.3. | Non-metamaterial Anti-Reflection Coatings (ARCs): Introduction | 
| 5.2.4. | "Moth eye" metasurface ARCs | 
| 5.2.5. | Metamaterial ARCs are established in high-end camera lenses | 
| 5.2.6. | Comparing metasurface anti-reflection coatings with conventional anti-reflection coatings | 
| 5.2.7. | Where else are metamaterial ARCs applicable? | 
| 5.2.8. | Assessing the suitability of metamaterial ARCs in various commercial applications | 
| 5.2.9. | Laser glare protection via holographic notch filters | 
| 5.2.10. | Comparing metamaterial notch filters in laser protective eyewear with conventional filter lenses | 
| 5.2.11. | SWOT analysis of metamaterial filters | 
| 5.2.12. | Metamaterial optical filters and antireflection: Conclusions | 
| 5.3. | Metalenses (Metamaterial Lenses) | 
| 5.3.1. | Metamaterial lenses: Introduction | 
| 5.3.2. | Metalenses: player overview | 
| 5.3.3. | Metamaterial lenses: Drivers and challenges | 
| 5.3.4. | BAE Systems provided an early example of flat metalenses | 
| 5.3.5. | How metalenses manipulate light | 
| 5.3.6. | Segmenting applications of metalenses | 
| 5.3.7. | Applications of metalenses (I) | 
| 5.3.8. | Applications of metalenses (II) | 
| 5.3.9. | Metalenz launches commercial metalenses using existing semiconductor manufacturing methods | 
| 5.3.10. | Metalenz: commercialization roadmap | 
| 5.3.11. | Metalenz: metalenses in 3D sensing and biometrics | 
| 5.3.12. | Metalenz files patents for a method for speckle reduction | 
| 5.3.13. | Solving manufacturing challenges for metalenses | 
| 5.3.14. | Moxtek: metalens foundry | 
| 5.3.15. | Moxtek: solving durability issues with metalenses | 
| 5.3.16. | Chromatic aberration is a problem for metalenses | 
| 5.3.17. | Tunoptix aims to resolve chromatic aberration in metalenses | 
| 5.3.18. | Tunoptix patents methods to create achromatic metasurface lenses | 
| 5.3.19. | What is geometric (Pancharatnam-Berry) phase? | 
| 5.3.20. | Optically anisotropic materials and GPLs | 
| 5.3.21. | Why geometric phase lenses matter | 
| 5.3.22. | Large area metalenses: geometric phase lenses in VR | 
| 5.3.23. | Liquid crystals in GPLs | 
| 5.3.24. | Liquid crystals and switchable waveplates | 
| 5.3.25. | Why is dynamically variable focus important for VR? | 
| 5.3.26. | Meta's GPL prototypes | 
| 5.3.27. | The vision for GPL use in VR headsets | 
| 5.3.28. | Geometric phase lenses for VR: Production methods | 
| 5.3.29. | The impacts of the diffraction limit in optics | 
| 5.3.30. | Metamaterials could push past the diffraction limit, but this is not yet practical in the visual spectrum | 
| 5.3.31. | Metamaterial lenses: SWOT analysis | 
| 5.3.32. | More metalens applications are progressing towards market launch | 
| 5.3.33. | Metalenses: Conclusions | 
| 5.4. | LiDAR Beam Steering | 
| 5.4.1. | LiDAR beam steering: Introduction | 
| 5.4.2. | Overview of common LiDAR beam steering technologies | 
| 5.4.3. | Metamaterial LiDAR: Drivers | 
| 5.4.4. | LiDAR steering system: OPA | 
| 5.4.5. | Pure solid-state LiDAR players: OPA & liquid crystal | 
| 5.4.6. | Liquid crystal LiDAR | 
| 5.4.7. | Liquid crystal polarization gratings | 
| 5.4.8. | Liquid crystal optical phased arrays | 
| 5.4.9. | Metamaterial based scanners (I) | 
| 5.4.10. | Metamaterial based scanners (II) | 
| 5.4.11. | Lumotive is developing metamaterial-based LiDAR beam steering technology | 
| 5.4.12. | Lumotive's patents cover a method of suppressing side lobes | 
| 5.4.13. | Comparison of LiDAR product parameters | 
| 5.4.14. | Automotive LiDAR: Requirements | 
| 5.4.15. | Benchmarking metasurface beam-steering LiDAR against industry representatives | 
| 5.4.16. | Analysis of OPA-based LiDAR | 
| 5.4.17. | Metamaterials in LiDAR beam steering: SWOT analysis | 
| 5.4.18. | Metamaterial LiDAR beam steering: Conclusions | 
| 5.5. | Materials Selection for Optical Metamaterials | 
| 5.5.1. | Materials selection for optical metamaterials: Introduction | 
| 5.5.2. | Optical metamaterials require large band gaps | 
| 5.5.3. | Transparency ranges of relevant materials | 
| 5.5.4. | Comparing refractive indices and band gaps of relevant materials | 
| 5.5.5. | Identifying suitable materials for optical metamaterials by application | 
| 6. | MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR METAMATERIALS | 
| 6.1. | Overview | 
| 6.1.1. | Introducing to patterning methodologies (I) | 
| 6.1.2. | Introducing to patterning methodologies (II) | 
| 6.1.3. | Wet etching: The conventional method of manufacturing RF metamaterials | 
| 6.1.4. | Wet etching: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.5. | Dry phase patterning removes sustainable hurdles associated with wet etching | 
| 6.1.6. | Dry phase patterning: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.7. | Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing offers scalable, large area manufacturing | 
| 6.1.8. | Roll-to-roll printing: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.9. | Meta Materials Inc. is commercializing rolling mask lithography | 
| 6.1.10. | Meta Materials Inc. : recent struggles could affect the wider metamaterials market | 
| 6.1.11. | Rolling mask lithography: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.12. | Roll-to-plate exists complementary to roll-to-roll and wafer-scale methods | 
| 6.1.13. | Roll-to-plate nanoimprint lithography: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.14. | Wafer-scale nanoimprint lithography is a strong choice for fine patterning | 
| 6.1.15. | Wafer-scale NIL: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.16. | E-beam lithography + atomic layer deposition is an excellent prototyping and mastering technique | 
| 6.1.17. | E-beam lithography + atomic layer deposition : Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.18. | Laser ablation offers good resolution and is scalable | 
| 6.1.19. | Laser ablation: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.20. | Photolithography: DUV (deep UV) | 
| 6.1.21. | Photolithography: Enabling higher resolution | 
| 6.1.22. | Photolithography: EUV | 
| 6.1.23. | Metasurfaces can be manufactured on mature semiconductor nodes | 
| 6.1.24. | DUV/EUV lithography: Advantages and disadvantages | 
| 6.1.25. | Comparing metamaterial manufacturing methods | 
| 6.2. | Manufacturing Methods for RF Metamaterials | 
| 6.2.1. | Manufacturing RF metamaterials: Introduction | 
| 6.2.2. | RF metamaterials: Suitable manufacturing methods for each application | 
| 6.2.3. | Manufacturing requirements for RF metamaterials in the short-to-medium term | 
| 6.2.4. | Manufacturing requirements for RF metamaterials in the medium-to-long term | 
| 6.2.5. | RF metamaterials manufacturing: Key takeaways | 
| 6.3. | Manufacturing Methods for Optical Metamaterials | 
| 6.3.1. | Manufacturing optical metamaterials: Introduction | 
| 6.3.2. | Manufacturing requirements for optical metamaterials | 
| 6.3.3. | Optical metamaterials: Suitable manufacturing methods for each application | 
| 6.3.4. | Optical metamaterials manufacturing: Key takeaways | 
| 7. | COMPANY PROFILES | 
| 7.1. | 2Pi Optics | 
| 7.2. | Alcan Systems | 
| 7.3. | Echodyne | 
| 7.4. | Echodyne USA | 
| 7.5. | Edgehog Advanced Technologies | 
| 7.6. | Evolv Technology | 
| 7.7. | Fractal Antenna Systems | 
| 7.8. | Greenerwave | 
| 7.9. | InkSpace Imaging | 
| 7.10. | Kymeta | 
| 7.11. | Lumotive | 
| 7.12. | Lumotive | 
| 7.13. | Metalenz | 
| 7.14. | MetaLenz | 
| 7.15. | Metamaterial Technologies | 
| 7.16. | Metawave | 
| 7.17. | Metawave | 
| 7.18. | Metawave — Radar Antennas for the Autonomous Future | 
| 7.19. | Morphotonics | 
| 7.20. | Moxtek: Metasurface Foundry | 
| 7.21. | Pivotal Commware | 
| 7.22. | Plasmonics Inc | 
| 7.23. | Radi-Cool USA |